Abstract. This article presents an in-depth discussion about cross ethnic friendship among students and teacher's role in supporting the cultural diversity that exists in school. The school which consist of students from various ethnic groups provide space and opportunities for students to interact socially with peers either from the same or other ethnic groups. On the other hand, the school that consists of only one ethnic group limits the opportunity for students to interact with friends from different ethnic groups. Students who have attended the schools that are not diverse in terms of ethnicity were reported having more friends from the same ethnic group. A positive relationship between individuals from different ethnic groups led to the reduction in prejudice, enhance the sense of common identity and closeness among individuals. Teachers as agents of unity should play an important role in assisting students to acquire the necessary social skills that enables them to interact effectively with students from different ethnic, cultural and languages which consequently create a harmony cross ethnic friendships among multi-ethnic students in school.

Students’ perceptions towards mathematics seem to be shaped by how they define mathematics and the role of mathematics in their life. Most students in Malaysia lack experience in dealing with mathematics, thus their achievement in mathematics are not as good as non-Malaysian students (Liew & Pong, 2004). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate students’ perceptions in learning mathematics and how these perceptions may lead to problems in understanding the mathematics itself among students in selected Malaysian secondary schools. A set of questionnaire was distributed to 200 students in Kuantan, Pahang in order to gauge their perceptions in learning mathematics. The researcher also assesses the relationship that exists between students’ perceptions towards mathematics and their academic achievement by using APOS Theory. The respondents generally reported a positive perception towards mathematics. With regard to the correlation analysis, there was a significant statistical relationship between students’ perceptions towards mathematics and their UPSR mathematics grade. However, there was no significant difference between students’ perception towards mathematics and recent mathematics grade. These results warrant further researches using more advanced statistical tools in order to obtain more accurate and relevant findings. Finally it is hoped that the study will open new paths that can benefit mathematics in education system and how mathematics are perceived by students in the classroom.

Islamic boarding schools are required to be able to answer the development of the world of technology, because of the existence of the world of technology that continues to grow. So, the right response for Islamic boarding schools to follow without losing their character becomes a necessity. There are three focus problems including, How does the existence of Darul Ihsan Islamic boarding school replace Gresik in strengthening the character of students in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0,? Second, what is the role of Darul Ihsan Menganti Islamic Boarding School in Gresik in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0? and Third, what are the inhibiting factors for the Darul Ihsan Menganti Gresik Islamic Boarding School in the 4.0 era? The research uses a qualitative case study approach, data collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation. While the data analysis from Miles and Hubarman, in the form of condensation data, display data and conclusion drawing and verification. In the process of eliminating data that is still doubtful, the panelists use triangulation of methods, sources and theories. a solid foundation in following the development of civilization, in the form of five five souls of the cottage integrated with character education, in addition, the pesantren prepares a pillar in the form of four pillars, so that both must be juxtaposed with a wall in the form of four keys in navigating life. The four important roles of pesantren include education, religion, technology and economy. There are three inhibiting factors for pesantren in carrying out their existence.

The ubiquity of information technology in contemporary society has rendered it an indispensable component across a wide range of domains. The utilization of information technology has had a noteworthy influence on enhancing efficiency and productivity in diverse domains, encompassing the professional milieu. The Human Resources function is a crucial element within an organization, playing a significant role in driving the success and expansion of the company. The objective of this investigation is to scrutinize the function of IT in enhancing HR efficacy and output within the workplace. It is crucial to comprehend the ramifications of IT employment within an organizational framework. The primary emphasis of this investigation is qualitative in nature. The process of data collection involves meticulous observation and recording of data, followed by the application of analytical methods such as data reduction, visualisation, and inference to derive meaningful insights. The research has deduced that in the constantly changing digital era, the significance of information technology in enhancing the effectiveness and output of human resources in the work environment is pivotal. IT facilitates the automation of mundane tasks, enhances collaboration, provides expedient access to information, enables effective training, supports intelligent data analysis, promotes efficient performance management, allows for work flexibility, and ensures information security.

This study attempts to integrate students’ perceptions in mathematics knowledge in answering and explaining problems of mathematics learning that is presence in the classroom. The survey instrument used in this study called “Students’ Perception on Mathematics Survey“(SPMS). All the marks and data gathered were tabulated, summarized, and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18. ANOVA analysis was used to analyze the data gathered. The data analysis reveals that there is no relationship between perception in mathematics across gender and ethnicity. It is recommended that future research employs bigger sampling for generalization purposes. In this way, results from this study may help to improve teachers’ teaching methods in mathematics as well as to enhance students’ academic performance in mathematics.