LRN for large renal tumours is feasible and achieves oncologic outcomes similar to that obtained with ORN.

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Introduction: Enterococci are considered less virulent organisms, but have incurred recognition for being notorious for their acquisition and transfer of resistance. The greatest potential threat posed by enterococci is vancomycin resistance. The transfer of enterococcal vancomycin resistance to Staphylococcus aureus has been achieved making scientists apprehensive of its consequences. Aim: To find the prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) and to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern in enterococcal urinary isolates. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on all urinary samples suspected of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) received for duration of one year from April 2021 to March 2022 in the Department of Microbiology at Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh. Enterococci were isolated and identified with a VITEK-2® COMPACT (bioMérieux) automated system. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Further, confirmation of VRE was done by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) E-test. Results: A total of 128 urinary enterococcal isolates were identified with the male-to-female ratio 1.37:1 and mean age of patients was 37.18±22.64 years. Out of total, 71.87% were identified as Enterococcus faecalis followed by 24.21% Enterococcus faecium and the rare species (4%) including E.durans, E.hirae, E.raffinosus. The prevalence of VRE was found to be 8.6%. Maximum resistance by isolates has been shown against ampicillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline. All isolates were sensitive to linezolid. Nitrofurantoin resistance was observed in 4.34% and 25.80% of E.faecalis and E.faecium isolates respectively. Conclusion: In this study, it was revealed that the emergence of VRE in urinary isolates with antimicrobial resistance was higher among E. faecium. All this puts pressure on strict compliance with a multidimensional approach with collaboration of antibiotic stewardship, educational and surveillance programs.

Introduction: Foreign bodies have been removed from urethra and bladder of young females since time immemorial. Various explanations have been offered by the patients but the variety, multiplicity and large sizes indicate masturbation as the major cause. Aim: To study the characteristics and find out the actual motive of urethral sounding at two tertiary care centres in Uttar Pradesh, India. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted between January 2021 to December 2021 analysing the records of all patients who presented to urology emergency of King George’s Medical University, Lucknow and Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah between June 2006 and June 2020 with foreign bodies in the urethra or urinary bladder. Data regarding the age, marital status of patient, type of foreign body and its location in the lower urinary tract, presence of any psychiatric illness, method of removal of the foreign body and possible cause of insertion of the foreign body from the records were collected. Data was segregated, coded and recorded in the Microsoft® Excel spreadsheet. Descriptive data were presented as percentages and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 by IBM USA. Results: A total of 21 patients presented to the urology emergency with foreign body in the lower urinary tract between June 2006 and June 2020. None of the patients had any known psychiatric illness and all of them were adult males with age ranging from 18 to 45 years. Eight patients were managed by removal of foreign body with the help of artery forceps while 12 patients underwent cystoscopic removal of foreign body. One patient who had knotted electric wire in urinary bladder required laser fragmentation. Thirteen of the patients confessed to urethral masturbation while the rest offered vague explanations like accidental insertion or simply inquisitiveness. Conclusion: The results of this retrospective study indicate that urethral masturbation using foreign body exists in the healthy adult males. It generally does not come into notice until the patient ends up with impaction of the foreign body. More studies need to be done to see whether this could be a possible cause of urethral stricture in patients with inadequate history.

Background: Objective of the study was to report our short term experience regarding efficacy of bipolar transurethral resection of prostate using TURIS (transurethral resection in saline) system.Methods: Between May 2016 to April 2017 49 consecutive patients underwent bipolar transurethral resection of prostate (B-TURP) at our institute. All patients were evaluated preoperatively by physical examination, ultrasonography and laboratory studies, including measurement of hemoglobin, serum sodium, and prostate specific antigen levels. Patients were assessed postoperatively at three, six and 18 months.Results: The mean age of the patients was 64.83±7.47 years and mean preoperative prostate volume was 64.73±13.59 ml. The mean preoperative hemoglobin was 13.32±0.9 g/l and mean postoperative hemoglobin was 12.09±1.11 g/l. The mean resection time was 57.02±14.37 minutes and mean resected specimen weight was 41.69±12.15 gm. The mean preoperative maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) was 8.6±1.17 ml/s and mean Qmax at three, six and 18 months follow up was 18.85±2.15, 19.43±1.49 and 18.98±1.6 ml/s respectively. The mean preoperative international prostate symptom score (IPSS) was 26.32±2.69 and mean IPSS at three, six and 18 months follow up was 6.68±1.36, 6.47±0.79 and 6.30±0.9 respectively. Only one patient developed urethral stricture during follow up.Conclusions: The B-TURP is efficacious and results in significant improvement in IPSS and Qmax. The urethral stricture rate after B-TURP is not different from monopolar TURP.