Nurses roles and responsibilities contribute to the quality improvement of health care services in Malaysia. Previous research has shown that leaders play an important role in enhancing job satisfaction among the nurses. Indeed, the transformational and transactional leadership was found to be the most efficient influence among the leadership style in attaining job satisfaction. The objective of this study is to investigate the transformational and transactional leadership styles that might contribute to the job satisfaction among nurses. Survey questionnaires were used in this study as a main method for data collection. Results indicated that the transformational have more contribution towards job satisfaction compare to transactional leadership style. Based on the results, this study also includes the recommendation of future research that might be relevant to be further explored

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This paper examines the development of a collection centre model for smallholders in the Malaysian palm oil industry. The model aims to ensure compliance with sustainability standards and improve the quality of palm oil production. The model involves several parties, including smallholders, contractors, collection centres, and mills. The requirements for compliance with the model are outlined, with an emphasis on labour regulations, traceability, and pre-grading of fresh fruit bunches. The Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) plays a crucial role in regulating the industry and issuing licenses for various activities. Several studies have been conducted on the environmental, financial, and innovative aspects of implementing no-deforestation, no-peat, and no-exploitation (NDPE) policies in the industry. The findings suggest that environmental performance and innovation are key drivers of economic value creation that promote NDPE policies. Attitude and awareness also play a significant role in supporting NDPE and engaging with ecopreneurial businesses. Increased awareness of sustainability has a positive effect on NDPE implementation but may also increase costs. Finally, the impact of palm oil on health, social and economic aspects, environment, and biodiversity has been reviewed in the Malaysian context. The collection centre model is a crucial step in ensuring compliance with sustainability standards and improving the quality of palm oil production. Further research is needed to explore the potential of this model for enhancing the sustainability of the palm oil industry.

The issue of corporate governance affects big corporations and small businesses. Maintaining a well-functioning board of directors in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is one of the most effective ways of increasing the efficacy of the board. This article examines previous studies on board behaviour that are critical to the effectiveness of boards of directors in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Previous literature found several attributes of directors that need to be nurtured. Having a different view relating to the task in a boardroom, preparedness, involvement, use of specific knowledge and skills are among them. In short, more empirical studies relating to these antecedents are recommended to understand board behaviour better, especially when making a decision.