In agriculture management and cultivation, many researchers tend to introduce and implement new methods or techniques to improve the sectors in order to sustain a good production from the sectors. The oil palm plantation is one of the sectors that have received an improvement in development in many aspects. Thus, this paper reviews in detail the recent expansion of oil palm management and sustainability through the latest application technologies specifically in Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) knowledge which covered land classification and crop changes, disease detection and pest control, age estimation for oil palm, above-ground biomass (AGB) and carbon estimation, tree counting for oil palm assessment and land suitability with soil nutrients. In the end, it concluded the most significant GIS and RS tools for oil palm management come from the implementation of Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) knowledge in it which can be improved over time through recent technologies and variation analysis to enhance the results.

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Sky brightness is an essential topic in the field of astronomy, especially for optical astronomical observations that need very clear and dark sky conditions. This study presents the spatial model of sky brightness magnitude in Langkawi Island, Malaysia. Two types of Sky Quality Meter (SQM) manufactured by Unihedron are used to measure the sky brightness on a moonless night (or when the Moon is below the horizon), when the sky is cloudless and the locations are at least 100 m from the nearest light source. The selected locations are marked by their GPS coordinates. The sky brightness data obtained in this study were interpolated and analyzed using a Geographic Information System (GIS), thus producing a spatial model of sky brightness that clearly shows the dark and bright sky areas in Langkawi Island. Surprisingly, our results show the existence of a few dark sites nearby areas of high human activity. The sky brightness of 21.45 mag arcsec −2 in the Johnson-Cousins V -band, as the average of sky brightness equivalent to 2.8 ×10 −4 cd m −2 over the entire island, is an indication that the island is, overall, still relatively dark. However, the amount of development taking place might reduce the number in the near future as the island is famous as a holiday destination.

With the advancement in Information and Communications Technology (ICT), the importance of telecommunication sectors is irrefutable. Rapid growth in this sector requires a good network coverage so the application of the technology is accessible for all purpose from everywhere. In this study, the radio telecommunication coverage signal in Kg. Gong Badak, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) and Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UNISZA) have analysed to estimate the frequency (MHz) level using different interpolation techniques (IDW, Natural Neighbor, and Kriging) to select the best method. Then, the relationship between signal strength level (amplitude) and Land Use Land Cover (LULC) data was identified. Several statistical approaches such as Linear Regression Model and Rank Spearman Correlation Coefficient were implemented in this study. From the findings, we found that the Kriging method is the best technique to be applied for network coverage assessment.  We also found that the relationship between signal strength (amplitude) and LULC in Kg. Gong Badak exists either in environmental aspects or physical structures. Kg.Tok Jembal, UMT, Kg. Pak Tuyu and Kg. Jati show a strong positive linear relationship (p-value of < 1%) between signal strength received and a 100-meter interval for 1 kilometer from the base station tower (BST). This indicates that the distance from the BST determines the signal strength. This study can be beneficial for the government and the players in the telecommunication industry to monitor the network coverage in Malaysia to provide a better service.