INTRODUCTIONDengue is a mosquito-borne viral illness caused by one of the four serotypes of the dengue virus (DENV; (DENV-1 to DENV-4) belonging to the family Flaviviridae. The virus serotypes are closely related but antigenically distinct. Dengue infections can result in a wide spectrum of disease severity ranging from an influenza-like illness (dengue fever; DF) to the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS). In recent decades, the incidence of dengue infection has increased around the world and has become a major international public health concern. The disease is now endemic in more than 100 tropical and sub-tropical countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there may be 50 million dengue infections worldwide every year. 1,2Infection with one serotype of DENV provides lifelong immunity to that serotype, but results only in partial and transient protection against subsequent infection by the other three serotypes. It is possible for a person to be infected as many as four times, once with each serotype. It is well documented that sequential infection with different DENV serotypes increases the risk of developing DHF. Ninety percent of DHF infections occur in children less than 15 years of age. There is currently no specific treatment for DENV infection, although several potential vaccines are in development; therefore, the only method of preventing DENV transmission is vector (mosquito) control. 1,3ABSTRACT Background: Dengue infections can result in a wide spectrum of disease severity ranging from an influenza-like illness (dengue fever; DF) to the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The study was aimed to compare the clinical profile of all patients diagnosed with dengue viral infection at MAMC. Methods: This retrospective study included 188 patients infected with dengue virus, age 6 years to 70 years. Laboratory and haematological data were included. Results: Peak of infection occurred in October 2015 and least number of cases were recorded in December 2015. Common clinical symptoms were fever, and abdominal pain. Common haematological abnormalities were thrombocytopenia and leucopoenia. All patients survived. There was no case of dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. Conclusions: Significant differences in the clinical profile is possibly because of infection with different serotypes of dengue virus (DENV), concurrent/sequential infection of more than one serotype, and differences in host immune responses associated with host genetic variations.

Open access upper GI endoscopy is a viable service option that can become more widely available.

Purpose:To determine anti-Kell in Kashmiri population. Material and Methods: Prospective study of One Year.Result: Six patients were tested positive. Conclusion: The incidence of Kell is very low i.e., 0.03% and correlates to the incidence of Japanese.

Background: Dengue infections can result in a wide spectrum of disease severity ranging from an influenza-like illness (dengue fever; DF) to the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The study was aimed to compare the clinical profile of all patients diagnosed with dengue viral infection at NCMC.Methods: This retrospective study included 136 patients infected with dengue virus, age 2 years to 68 years. Laboratory and haematological data were included.Results: Peak of infection occurred in Nov. 2017 and least number of cases were recorded in September 2017. Common clinical symptoms were fever, headache and myalgia. Common haematological abnormalities were thrombocytopenia and leucopoenia. All patients survived. There was no case of dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome.Conclusions: Significant differences in the clinical profile is possibly because of infection with different serotypes of dengue virus (DENV), concurrent/sequential infection of more than one serotype, and differences in host immune responses associated with host genetic variations.

INTRODUCTION Dengue (Den gay, Dandy) is a mosquito-borne viral illness caused by one of the four serotypes of the dengue virus DENV; (DENV-1 to DENV-4) belonging to the family Flaviviridae. The virus serotypes are closely related but antigenically distinct. Dengue infections can result in a wide spectrum of disease severity ranging from an influenza-like illness (dengue fever; DF) to the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS). In recent decades, the incidence of dengue infection has increased around the world and has become a major international public health concern. The disease is now endemic in more than 110 tropical and subtropical countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there may be 50 million dengue infections worldwide every year (1-3). Infection with one serotype of DENV provides lifelong immunity to that serotype but results only in partial and transient protection against subsequent infection by the other three serotypes. It is possible for a person to be infected as many as four times, once with each serotype. It is well documented that sequential infection with different DENV serotypes increases the risk of developing DHF. Ninety percent of DHF infections occur in children less than 15 years of age. There is currently no specific treatment for DENV infection, although several potential vaccines are in development; therefore, the only method of preventing DENV transmission is vector (mosquito) control (4-6). Early clinical features of dengue infection are variable among patients, and initial symptoms are often nonspecific; therefore, specific laboratory tests are necessary for an accurate diagnosis (7-8). According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the WHO dengue guidelines, the clinical features of DF and DHF are sudden onset of fever, severe headache, myalgias and arthralgias, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hemorrhagic manifestations (8). It occasionally produces shock and hemorrhage, leading to death. Classic DF symptoms include fever, headache, retro-orbital pain, myalgia and arthralgia nausea, vomiting, and often a rash. Some DF patients develop the more serious form of the disease DHF ABSTRACT Dengue infections can result in a wide spectrum of disease severity ranging from an influenza-like illness (dengue fever; DF) to the lifethreatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The study was aimed to compare the clinical profile of all patients diagnosed with dengue viral infection at NCMC. This retrospective study included 43 patients infected with dengue virus, age 18 years to 70 years. Laboratory and hematological data were included. Peak of infection occurred in Nov. 2018 and least number of cases were recorded in September 2018. Same observation was seen in previous year. Common clinical symptoms were fever, headache and myalgia. Common hematological abnormalities were thrombocytopenia and leucopoenia. All patients survived. There was no case of dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue s...