This paper reports the effects of epoxy when reinforced with graphite flakes (GFs) and was compared to epoxy reinforced by hybrid reinforcements consisted of graphite flakes (GFs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). DGEBA, the type of epoxy which has been used in this work was added with 2, 4 and 6 wt.% of reinforcement respectively, relative to the total weight of the mixture. Nanocomposites was prepared using mechanical stirrer, stirred at 2000 rpm for 30 minutes followed by curing in the oven. The flexural testing shows that the epoxy/GFs composites has higher modulus compared to epoxy/GFs+GNPs. At 4wt.% filler loading, epoxy containing GFs exhibited 132% enhancement of modulus relative to neat epoxy. At the same filler amount, epoxy containing GFs+GNPs demonstrated slightly lower magnitude than system containing GFs with only 27% increase in modulus. However, addition of higher filler loading to the epoxy resin caused the modulus to decrease in magnitude speculated due to agglomeration of particles within the host matrix. The Charpy impact testing indicated similar pattern with epoxy/GFs system exhibited higher capability in absorbing energy than epoxy/GFs+GNPs where the peak was obtained at 4wt.% filler loading. At this amount of filler, 18.36 J/m increase in energy absorbed was recorded for epoxy/GFs compared to 2.13 J/m increased for epoxy/GFs+GNPs composite. Higher amount of filler loading added into epoxy only deteriorate the impact energy absorb by the sample. The hardness test show similar pattern of result with epoxy/GFs shows higher resistance in scratching compared to epoxy/GFs+GNPs.

Abstract:The tremendous growth of telecommunication industry results the number of hand phone users increases everyday. In order to support the growing number of users, the mobile base stations can be seen in almost everywhere. This scenario has created uncomfortable feelings to the people that they may be affected by the radiations from antennas. A measurement was done at student hostels and office premises near to base stations in International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak campus. Measured values are compared with Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Commission (MCMC), IEEE and ANSI recommendations for safety guidelines. The results are presented in this study.

Arangmerupakanresidu yang berbentukpadathasildaripadapembakarankayu pada kondisiterkontrol. Proses pengaranganadalahpembakarankayudenganudaraterbatas, dan dapatmenghasilkanarang, tar, asamasetat, alkoholkayu, dan gas kayu (CO2, CH4, CO,dan H2). Tujuandilakukannyapenelitianiniuntukmengetahuipenyebabarang yang tidakterkarbonisasi, menghasilkanpembakaranarangyang  maksimal, sertamengetahuiberapapersen yang menjadiarang dan abu. Studikasusdaripenelitianiniadalahtungkupembakaranarangberbentukkubahdengankapasitas4.5 tonmilik salah satuwargasukuasli yang memproduksiarangkayu, yang berlokasi di jalanutamaJangkang, Gg sukuasli, KecamatanBantan, KabupatenBengkalis. Metode yang digunakandalampenelitianiniadalahmetodeeksperimen dan metodeSlovin. Karena yang divariasikandalampenelitianiniadalah alas yang digunakan, denganmenambahkanpelatbesi dan alatukursuhuyaitu thermometer. Pengambilan data dilakukandengandua kali pembakaranuntukmendapatkanhasilperbandingan. Dari hasilpenelitian yang telahdilakukan, dapatditerangkanbahwauntukmendapatkanarang yang maksimalbeberapafaktor yang harusdiperhatikanyaitusuhu, lama karbonisasi, pengecilanpintu dan cerobong asap, sertapenutupanpintupembakaran. pembakarankeduamenggunakan alas pelatlebihcepatduaharidibandingkandenganpembakaran yang pertama. Namuntemperaturtungkutidakstabil, makaterdapatarang yang tidakterkarbonisasi.