A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season 2017-18 at the Campus for Research and Advanced Studies Dhablan of G.S.S.D.GS. Khalsa college Patiala with twelve treatment combinations of three sowing time D1 (2 nd fortnight of October), D2 (1 st fortnight of November), D3 (2 nd fortnight of November) in main plots and fertilization levels F1 (25 kg ha -1 P2O5), F2 (45 kg ha -1 P2O5), F3 (25 kg ha -1 P2O5 + Rhizobium inoculation) & F4 (45 kg ha -1 P2O5 + Rhizobium inoculation) in sub plots were tested in split plot design with three replications. Plant growth parameters like emergence count (m -2 ), plant height (cm), number of branches plant -1 , number of leaves plant -1 , dry weight (g) plant -1 and yield were recorded significantly superior with crop sown on D2 (1 st fortnight of November) with F4 (45 kg ha -1 P2O5 + Rhizobium inoculation). D2 (1 st fortnight of November) sown crop with F4 (45 kg ha -1 P2O5 + Rhizobium inoculation) produced significantly higher grain yield (q ha -1 ) and straw yield (q ha -1 ) as compared to others treatments.

The field experiment was carried out during the summer season of 2021-2022 to study the response of different weed management practices on growth and yield of black gram. Cyperus sp., Phyllanthus niruri, Trianthema portulacastrum, Amaranthus viridis were the dominant weeds. It was observed that besides weed free treatment the lowest weed count, dry weight of weeds (3.66 g m -2 ), weed index (2.73%) as well as highest weed control efficiency (60.06%) were found with the pre-emergence (PE) application of pendimethalin1 kg ha -1 followed by one hand weeding at 40 days after sowing (DAS). The maximum growth attributes, yield attributes and yield were found with the pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin 1 kg a.i. ha -1 followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAS which was statistically at par with pre emergence application of Pendimethalin 1 kg a.i. ha -1 followed by post emergence application of imazethapyr 75 g a.i. ha -1 at 40 days after sowing. The economics parameters were recorded highest with the application of Pendimethalin (PE) 1 kg a.i. ha -1 followed by one hand weeding at 40 days after sowing. Hence Pendimethalin is most effective treatment among the other treatments.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Endoscope assisted ear surgery (EAES) reduces the chances of residual cholesteatomas as compared to the conventional microscopic technique, primarily because of the direct visualization of sites where residual cholesteatoma is common, which is often missed out during the traditional microscopic surgical procedure. The aim of the study was to evaluate the hidden areas of middle ear using endoscopes during the conventional microscopic cholesteatoma surgery.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present prospective study was carried out in the Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology and Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Katra, Jammu for a period of one year during which a total of 20 patients of acquired cholesteatoma who underwent conventional microscopic surgery were followed by oto-endoscope assisted examination were enrolled.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Otoendoscope was used in all the surgeries to look for residual cholesteatoma in the hidden areas like protympanum, sinus tympani and anterior attic. An overall incidence of cholesteatoma observed and removed from hidden areas using otoendoscope was recorded to be 30% in the present study.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Microscopic ear surgery assisted with oto-endoscope allows a better visualization of the extent of cholesteatoma and thus improved eradication of residual/recurrent disease from the hidden areas of middle ear such as facial recess, sinus tympani, anterior epitympanic space, protympanum and hypotympanum.</p>

No abstract

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2017-18 at the Campus for Agricultural Research and Advanced Studies Dhablan of the G.S.S.D.G.S. Khalsa College Patiala, Punjab. To find out most suitable integrated weed management practices for control of weeds in chickpea under irrigated condition of Punjab. Integrated weed management significantly influenced the weed dynamics, growth and yield of chickpea crop. Weed parameter like total weed population (m-2) and weed dry weight (g) m-2, except weed control efficiency (%) was recorded significantly minimum in treatment T2 (Weed free) which was followed by treatment T4 (Two hand weeding at 25 and 45 DAS) and T6 (Pendimethalin @ 750g ha-1 fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS). All the growth parameters (plant height (cm), number of branches plant-1 and dry weight (g) plant-1) and yield attributes (number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, test weight (g) and seed yield (q ha-1 were significantly higher in treatment T2 (Weed free) which was followed by treatment T4 (Two hand weeding at 25 and 45 DAS) and T6 (Pendimethalin @ 750g ha-1 fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS).