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Background: Supracondylar fractures of Humerus are one of the most common fractures in the children. Closed reduction and percutaneous k wire fixation are one of the most commonly used and widely accepted treatment modality in Gartland type 3 fracture, but controversy continues regarding the ideal pin fixation techniques. This study was conducted to compare lateral divergent k wires versus cross k wire (medial and lateral) in terms of the stability, functional outcome and iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury. Material and Method: This was a retrospective record based study. Total 30 patients of displaced supracondylar fracture of the humerus of age 3-12 years were divided into 2 groups which were evaluated from post-surgery. In group one crossed pinning was done for type 3 supracondylar fractures and other group was treated with lateral pinning and outcome of these patients record was assessed on basis of pain, motion, stability and function according to Flynn's criteria and follow-up record of 2 year was studied. Data was analysed with the help of SPSS 20.0 version. Results: According to Flynn criteria, the final result was excellent in 90 %and good in 10 % of cases with 0% fair and 0% poor results. There was no statistically significant difference between medial-lateral entry group and lateral entry group. Conclusions: Lateral pinning is an equally good as compared to crossed pinning treatment of choice in terms of terms of the stability and functional outcome. The risk of ulnar nerve injury was zero in lateral divergent k wires. Both these methods give comparable functional and cosmetic results.

Introduction: Conservatively treated displaced clavicle fractures have a non-union rate of 15% and unsatisfactory patient-reported outcomes in 1/3 rd of the patients. ORIF with pre-contoured plate gives better functional outcome but is associated with wound and hardware-related complications in 9% to 64% of cases. Purpose: To evaluate patient satisfaction in terms of function, activities of daily living and return to occupation following ORIF with plating for fractures of midshaft clavicle. Methodology: Patients underwent ORIF for midshaft clavicle fracture with pre-contoured clavicle plate using the direct superior approach to clavicle, followed by 4 weeks of sling with gentle range of motion exercises. Resumption of daily activities was allowed after 4 weeks as tolerated by the patient. Patients were evaluated using the Oxford Shoulder Score, shoulder and pectoral girdle range of motion and a general questionnaire to determine the satisfaction of patients with the procedure, at 6 months postsurgery. Result: Of the 17 patients that underwent ORIF for midshaft clavicle fracture, 16 patients (94%) had returned to their original occupation with 1 patient requiring assistance in performing overhead tasks. 1 patient was unable to return to occupation due to associated non-union of a tibia fracture. 15 patients (88%) reported that they were satisfied with the outcome of the surgery. Conclusion: Treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures with ORIF gives good functional outcome and is associated with a high patient satisfaction rate in terms of return to their pre-fracture activity levels for daily living and occupation.

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">Ankle fractures represent approximately 9% of all fractures and are a common occurrence with an incidence of 138-169 per 100,000 per year. The mechanism of injury differs in terms of mode of injury in various age groups. The Lague-Hansen classification is a pathologic-anatomic classification and emphasizes different stages of ligamentous injury, in addition to the fracture pattern, and provides options for fracture treatment.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">A retrospective observational study, where the prevalence of various types of ankle fractures were classified according to the Lauge-Hansen Classification, in the period of 2018 onwards till date. The mode of injury and age group of the patient was also noted.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">A total of 84 patients were analyzed, supination-external rotation (48.7%) were the most frequently observed fractures in our study population, with no significant correlation between mode of injury and fracture pattern noted. </span>There was a statistically significant association (p&lt;0.05) between the velocity of injury and the age groups suffering ankle trauma.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusion: </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">The Lauge-Hansen Classification continues to be an important tool in assessing the biomechanics of ankle fractures and the management options available, especially in a country like India where more expensive imaging modalities may not be available or affordable at times. Our study also highlights that high velocity fractures continue to be a major cause of morbidity in the younger age group, especially in developing countries such as India. Stringent traffic rules and public awareness need to be put into practice to reduce the toll of this problem.</span></p>

Study design: Retrospective study. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze various diagnostic tools, including Gene Xpert, for the management of tuberculosis of the spine. Aim of study: The aim of this study was to analyze various diagnostic tools for the management of tuberculosis of the spine, particularly the use of Gene Xpert, and to compare it with other diagnostic tools. Inclusion criteria: All cases which had at least one positive test out of Gene Xpert, smear, culture sensitivity and histopathology Exclusion criteria: All cases which tested negative for Gene Xpert, smear, culture sensitivity and histopathology Materials and methods: A Retrospective study done at Dr. R. N. Cooper Municipal General Hospital and HBT Medical College. Data collected from January 2018 to January 2020 on 2-year follow-up was available for 31 cases. Results: Among the cases in which Gene Xpert was used, the sensitivity for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 77% (24/31). Moreover, the sensitivity of Gene Xpert to detect rifampicin resistance was 100% (31/31) in our study. In 11 of the 31 patients (35%), diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of a culture. All 31 (100%) patients exhibited a typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) picture. Among the 31 patients, 14 patients underwent biopsy, in 21 patients, diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of histopathology (67%). Smear microscopy was positive in 38% (12/31) of the patients. ESR was raised in 80% of the patients and CRP was reactive in 58% of the patients. TestSensitivity Gene Expert 77% Histopathology 67% Smear Microscopy 38% Culture 35%Conclusions: Gene Xpert is a rapid and highly sensitive tool to diagnose tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in patients with tuberculosis of the spine. Furthermore, we achieved a 77% sensitivity for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 100% sensitivity for the detection of rifampicin resistance in our study.