There has been a huge surge in the construction of marine facilities (e.g., wind turbines) in Europe, despite the many unknowns regarding their long-term performance. This paper presents a new framework for design strategy based on performance measures for cyclic horizontally loaded monopile foundations located in saturated and dry dense sand, by considering pile deformations and pore pressure accumulation effects. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed to investigate the behavior of large-diameter piles. The model accounts for nonlinear dynamic interactions in offshore platforms under harsh combined moment and horizontal environmental loads, with emphasis on the cyclic mobility of the surrounding cohesionless subsoil and associated shear.The maximum moment applied in the cyclic analyses is varied from 18% to 47% of the ultimate resistance. The considered data reflect behavior at the expected load amplitudes and cycle numbers during the service life of operation.For low numbers of load cycles (<1000 cycles), there were no differences between the power law and logarithmic approaches in terms of describing the accumulated deformations; however, for high numbers of cycles (<10,000 cycles), the logarithmic law was less suited to describe the accumulation response. Magnitude of cyclic loads was found to cause a linear increase in the accumulated rotation. The results from short-term and long-term dynamic response of monopiles indicate that few load cycles with higher load levels are the main concerns in accumulation of pile rotation rather than thousands of load cycles with low amplitudes.

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