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Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of long-term diabetes. It is a progressive disease and by damaging retina, it finally results in blindness of patients. Since Microaneurysms (MAs) appear as a first sign of DR in retina, early detection of this lesion is an essential step in automatic detection of DR. In this paper, a new MAs detection method is presented. The proposed approach consists of two main steps. In the first step, the MA candidates are detected based on local applying of Markov random field model (MRF). In the second step, these candidate regions are categorized to identify the correct MAs using 23 features based on shape, intensity and Gaussian distribution of MAs intensity. The proposed method is evaluated on DIARETDB1 which is a standard and publicly available database in this field. Evaluation of the proposed method on this database resulted in the average sensitivity of 0.82 for a confidence level of 75 as a ground truth. The results show that our method is able to detect the low contrast MAs with the background while its performance is still comparable to other state of the art approaches.

Technological progress in the fields of Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and wireless communications and also the availability of CMOS cameras, microphones and small-scale array sensors, which may ubiquitously capture multimedia content from the field, have fostered the development of low-cost limited resources Wireless Video-based Sensor Networks (WVSN). With regards to the constraints of videobased sensor nodes and wireless sensor networks, a supporting video stream is not easy to implement with the present sensor network protocols. In this paper, a thorough architecture is presented for video transmission over WVSN called Energy-efficient and high-Quality Video transmission Architecture (EQV-Architecture). This architecture influences three layers of communication protocol stack and considers wireless video sensor nodes constraints like limited process and energy resources while video quality is preserved in the receiver side. Application, transport, and network layers are the layers in which the compression protocol, transport protocol, and routing protocol are proposed respectively, also a dropping scheme is presented in network layer. Simulation results over various environments with dissimilar conditions revealed the effectiveness of the architecture in improving the lifetime of the network as well as preserving the video quality.

Wireless image sensor networks are widely used in many applications nowadays. Designing a fast and reliable protocol to transmit images over these sensor nodes is the most important feature in these types of networks. In order to do that, it should be considered to image transmission using a proper MAC protocol. In this paper we have proposed a system which consists of image transmission part and new MAC protocol: at the image transmission part, we have proposed a DCT block based image compression using adaptive priority to categorize network packets; the corresponding MAC protocol is a collision free and energy efficient one which works properly with specified image transmission part. In this system, to increase the transmission rate and decrease the energy consumed in retransmission tries, the UDP protocol is used in sending image data packets. We have simulated our system and the experimental results showed the high PSNR of transmitted images with low energy consuming. The results showed better performance than well know methods such as B-MAC protocol.