The incidence of mutation in three loci of GDF9, BMP15 and BMP15-1B and their effects on litter sizes was evaluated in Baluchi sheep. Wild-type alleles were detected for BMP15 and BMP15-1B loci and all individuals were found to be as non-carriers for FecB and FecX G mutations but, a G to A nucleotide substitution was found in GDF9 locus. The frequency of FecG + (0.82) wild type allele was higher than the frequency of FecG 1 (0.18) mutant allele and the frequencies of FecG + /FecG + , FecG + /FecG 1 and FecG 1 /FecG 1 genotypes were 0.72, 0.20 and 0.08, respectively in GDF9 locus. The heterozygous (FecG + /FecG 1 ) and homozygous (FecG + /FecG + ) non-carrier ewes had 0.35 and 0.21 more lambs than the homozygous (FecG 1 /FecG 1 ) carrier ewes, respectively (p<0.05). In addition to the finding of segregation of non-additive gene effect on litter size in the previous study in Baluchi sheep, these findings for the first time shows that the FecG 1 gene has a major effect on litter size in this breed.

Neoepitopes or neoantigens are a spectrum of unique mutations presented in a particular patient’s tumor. Neoepitope-based adoptive therapies have the potential of tumor eradication without undue damaging effect on normal tissues. In this context, methods based on the T cell receptor (TCR) engineering or chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have shown great promise. This review focuses on the TCR-like CARs and TCR-CARs directed against tumor-derived epitopes, with a concerted view on neoepitopes. We also address the current limitations of the field to know how to harness the full benefits of this approach and thereby design a sustained and specific antitumor therapy.

Data and managementData and pedigree information on Ghezel sheep collected at the Breeding Station of Ghezel sheep, over the period from 1999 to 2007 (9-years), were used in this research. This information included pedigree information (animal, sire and dam code), birth information (date of birth, lamb sex, birth type) and performance records (birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), and 6-months weight (6 MW)). Data which were available for analysis included 9,221 lamb records born from 180 sires and 5,060 dams for BW, 7,206 lamb records born from 167 sires and 4,497 dams for WW, and 6,112 lamb records born from 157 sires

Introduction:Heart as a high metabolic and aerobic tissue is consuming lipid as a fuel for its energy provision at rest during light and moderate exercise, except when lactate level is higher in blood circulation. It has been shown that any type of regular exercise and crataegus species would improve cardiovascular function and minimizes several risk factors via stimulating lipid metabolism by acting on enzymes and genes expression such as ABCA1 and PPAR α which are involving in this process.Materials and Methods:Twenty Wistar male rats (4-6 weeks old, 140-173 g weight) were used. Animals were randomly classified into training (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups and then divided into saline-control (SC), saline-training (ST), Crataegus-Pentaegyna -control (CPC), and Crataegus-Pentaegyna -training (CPT) groups. Training groups have performed a high-intensity running program (at 34 m/min (0% grade), 60 min/day, 5 days/week) on a motor-driven treadmill for eight weeks. Animals were orally fed with Crataegus-Pentaegyna extraction (500mg/kg) and saline solution for six weeks. Seventy- two hours after the last training session, rats were sacrificed, hearts were excised, cleaned and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 °C until RNA extraction. Plasma also was collected for plasma variable measurements. Statistical analysis was performed using a two way analysis of variance, and significance was accepted at P < 0.05.Results:A non-significant (P < 0.4, P < 0.79, respectively) increase in ABCA1 and PPAR α genes expression was accompanied by a significant (P < 0.01, P < 0.04, P < 0.04, respectively) reduction in TC, TG, and VLDL-C levels in Crataegus-Pentaegyna groups.Conclusions:Our findings show that a high intensity treadmill running was able to express ABCA1 and PPAR α in rat heart. Data also possibly indicate that the Crataeguse-Pentaegyna supplementation solely could mimic training effect on the mentioned genes and lipid profiles via different mechanism(s).