The present study aims at investigating the effect of noticing on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students' speaking accuracy. For so doing, 32 Iranian EFL students were selected and randomly assigned to two conversation classes namely, control and experimental groups. Before the treatment both groups had a speaking pre-test. During 32 sessions of instruction, both classes were taught EFL conversation based on Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach. However, in the experimental group, in order to help learners notice the input more, the students were asked to record their authentic conversations, presentations, and dialogues in the class. Then, they were asked to transcribe their voices and identify their grammatical, phonological and lexico-semantic errors based on Keshavarz's (1999) Model of Error Analysis. Their teacher also checked their voice files and transcriptions in order to help them identify their errors. After the treatment both groups had a speaking post-test. Then, the number of speaking errors the two groups had in the pre-test and post-test were compared using ANCOVA. The results indicated that the EFL learners in the experimental group had a significantly lower number of speaking errors in the post-test compared with that of the control group which confirmed the positive effect of noticing on EFL students' speaking accuracy.

Proponents of Full Transfer/Full Access take nominative subject forms in early child L2 English as evidence for initial state functional projections. We discuss early stage longitudinal data from two Farsi-speaking children acquiring English. Our data reveal non-contrastive use of nominative subject forms, indicating initial absence of case marking. The patterns found are similar to those in the L1 English data in terms of the early non-contrastive pronoun use (e.g. Vainikka 1993/1994) and in terms of co-occurrence of null subjects with non-finite verbs. Pronominal contrasts first occur in utterances with the copula, supporting Hawkins’ (2001) proposal that it triggers the projection of AgrP under the Structure Building approach taken by Vainikka & Young-Scholten (e.g. 1994).

The researcher administered a Comprehensive English Language Test (CELT) to 80 learners and then according to their grades limited them to 60.The subjects were divided into two homogenous groups (30 subjects in control group and 30 subjects in experimental). Then a pretest was administered to both groups. The subjects who played the role of the control group kept pace with the teacher who taught the book named "English for Computer Science". It should be noted that this group were taught the mentioned book without instructing grammatical collocations (just through a curriculum book). The experimental group was taught the same book through instructing grammatical collocations. Both groups had instruction for sixty-minute periods for ten sessions. To be sure of the effect of the treatment, the researcher tested both groups by using a posttest. The scores on the result of pre and posttest showed the efficiency of the two methods. Finally, a T-test was conducted to examine the differences of the mean test scores of the two groups. The results of the pre and posttest showed a t-value greater than the t-critical. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and we came to this conclusion that grammatical collocation instruction had significant effect on understanding ESP texts for undergraduate computer engineering students.

This is a longitudinal case study of two Farsi-speaking children learning English: ‘Bernard’ and ‘Melissa’, who were 7;4 and 8;4 at the start of data collection. The research deals with the presence or absence of functional categories (CP),in our case Yes/no questions, Wh-questions, and embedded clauses as well as their production rate in early stages of interlanguage development of the child second language (L2) acquisition of syntax. Some studies in the field of child second language acquisition regarding the production of functional categories (CP) are discussed. Examining data collected from the children’s spontaneous speech, the researcher’s diaries and translation and other tasks over a period of 20 months, the competing claims of the two most prominent hypotheses about early L2 grammars are tested: Vainikka& Young-Scholten’s (1996) Minimal Trees/Structure Building hypothesis and Schwartz & Sprouse’s (1996). Full Transfer/Full Access hypothesis. The conclusion is reached that Yes/no questions, Wh-questions, and embedded clauses as three functional categories are absent in early stages of interlanguage development of the child L2acquisition.Keywords: Functional categories, Child L2 acquisition, Minimal Trees/Structure Building hypothesis, Full transfer/fullaccess hypothesis, Yes/no questions and Wh-questions, Embedded clauses

Translation is a difficult and complex task. Some elements such as linguistic and socio-cultural differences in two languages make it difficult to choose an appropriate equivalent; the equivalent which has the same effect in the target language. In the present study, one of the richest sources of the humor and satire is investigated. Humor is completely obvious in "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" by Mark Twain. He tried to laugh at social and cultural problems of his time by this novel. Two translations of this book by Hushang Pirnazar and Najaf Daryabandari are investigated. The author tries to investigate on transference of humor from the source language to the target language by a syntactic strategy of Chesterman. By investigating the text, it will be found out that which translator is more successful in recreation of humor by using the strategies. Research question:Were translators able to recreate the same humoristic features of the source text in the target text by using the presented strategies? Which translator was more successful in transference of humor?Research hypothesis: Both translators could recreate the humoristic feature by using the presented strategies.