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Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases. It is shown that moderate to high physical activities can play a crucial role in improving this disease. Aim The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on the levels of the myonectin in serum and tissue levels and fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4) in male rats with NAFLD. Materials and methods Thirty-three male rats were randomly divided into five groups: high-fat diet to confirm NAFLD induction (n = 5), normal diet sedentary (n = 7), high-fat diet sedentary (n = 7), high-fat diet with HIIT (n = 7), and high-fat diet with MCIT (n = 7). Induction of NAFLD was performed by feeding rats for 12 weeks with a high-fat diet containing 60% fat. The training protocols were performed in five sessions per week for 8 weeks. The HIIT group has performed 4 × 4 min interval running on a treadmill up to 80–95% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and then recovered at 50–60% VO2max. The MICT protocol has performed up to 50–60% VO2max for 50 min. myonectin and FATP4 were also measured by the animal Elisa kit (Zellbio, Germany) with a sensitivity of 0.02 ng/L. Insulin resistance was evaluated by the insulin resistance homeostasis assessment index using the following formula (HOMA-IR): “fasting glucose (mg/dl) × fasting in insulin (mg/L) ÷ 405”. One-way ANOVA analysis of variance was utilized for statistical analyses and Tukey’s post hoc test at a significant level of p < 0.05. Results The 8-week intervention showed that both HIIT and MICT positively influenced the serum myonectin and FATP4 levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the trained groups in tissue levels of the myonectin and serum levels of FATP4 (p < 0.05). Conclusions Altogether, both HIIT and MICT can lead to valuable adaptations and recovery of NAFLD in male rats.

Background & aim: Considering the role of blood flow restriction in causing more hemodynamic stress and its possible effect on increasing the metabolism rate and fat oxidation in the recovery period, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of blood flow restriction on the metabolic rate and substrate oxidation during and after high-intensity intermittent exercise(HIIE) in male active students. Methods:The present study was a quasi-experimental cross-sectional study. The statistical sample of the present study were 10 active male students who were voluntarily selected and randomly assigned to a cross-sectional research project in two groups of intermittent rapid activity with and without blood flow restriction. The intermittent speed exercise program consisted of four 30-second Winggit tests (with a working load of 75gr/kg body weight) performed at a 5-minute break. To restrict blood flow, their systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured in a separate session using a digital sphygmomanometer and hip circumference using a tape measure. At that point, by placing the obtained values in the formula (femoral artery occlusion), the occlusion point of blood flow was determined. In conditions of restricted blood flow only during the tests, the blood flow around the thigh was restricted by an elastic band up to 40% of the occlusion point. 5 minutes before, during the performance and 30 minutes after the activity, the volume of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide produced by the subjects were collected in a breath-by-breath manner per liter per minute by a respiratory gas analyzer. Repeated analysis of variance test was used for statistical analysis of data.Results: According to the results, no significant differences were observed between the two groups of the studied variables. Although, restriction of blood flow significantly increased oxygen consumption during(p=0.0001) and after HIIE(p=0.045), however, fat utilization Increased only after HIIE(p=0.002). Conclusion:Given the higher oxygen consumption and energy expenditure in the post-workout period in the restricted blood group, this intervention may be useful for people seeking to lose or control weight if used over a longer period.

Objective: To characterize the effect of 12 weeks of high and moderateintensity interval training on pulmonary and functional parameters in miners with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease working in the polluted environment. Methods: Forty-five miners with COPD (average degree: 60 > FEV 1 < 70), were randomly divided into HIIT (with 100%-125% ISWT); MIIT (with 60%-85% ISWT), and control. The study period was 12 weeks (3 sessions per week). At the beginning and end of the study, pulmonary and functional indices was evaluated. Results: Based on results, HIIT and MIIT significantly increased FVC, FEV 1 , and mean traveled distance in ISWT compared with control. Comparison of training intensities showed that HIIT led to a significant change in FVC, FEV 1 , and ISWT record compared to MIIT. Conclusion: It is suggested that miners suffering from COPD, consider HIIT as part of their treatment plan.