Recent and specific data on the prevalence and/or incidence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in the general population are scarce. This study focuses on obtaining this data by means of a literature review and telephone survey. A literature review was performed to obtain data on the prevalence of dysphagia in the general population. Secondly, a quasi-random telephone survey using the functional health status questionnaire EAT-10 was conducted with the aim of establishing prevalence data on oropharyngeal dysphagia in the Netherlands. The literature review revealed six articles which met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence data on oropharyngeal dysphagia in the general population varied between 2.3 and 16 %. For the telephone survey, a total of 6,700 individuals were contacted by telephone, of which, 2,600 (39 %) participated in the study. Of the 2,600 participants, as many as 315 (12.1 %) were identified as having swallowing abnormalities and showed increased risk of oropharyngeal dysphagia with age. Prevalence data on oropharyngeal dysphagia in the Dutch general population were as high as 12.1 %. This data are in line with the retrieved prevalence data from the literature.

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U-Pb geochronologic analyses have been conducted on 205 individual detrital zircon grains from Cambrian through Devonian sandstones of the RobertsMountains allochthon in central Nevada. These strata were tectonically emplaced onto the Cordilleran margin during the mid-Paleozoic Antler orogeny, but their original depositional settings and provenance have been controversial. Our data, combined with previous detrital zircon studies, define four different age signatures for the eugeoclinal strata: (1) 690-7 15 and 1065-1350 Ma grains in a minor group of sandstones in the Upper Cambrian(?) Harmony Formation, (2) 1745-Comparison of these data with the detrital zircon reference for the Cordilleran miogeocline and with ages of basement provinces in cratonal North America indicates that sandstones in the lower Vinini and parts of the Harmony Formations were derived from 1.0-1.3,~1.43, and 1.6-1.8 Ga provinces of southwestern North America. In contrast, most older and younger units contain few grains of the appropriate ages to have come from the southwestern part of North America, and instead have strong similarities with the Peace River arch region of western Canada.We propose that detritus in most of the Harmony Formation was shed from off-shelf basement rocks exposed along the Canadian continental margin, perhaps as a western continuation of the Peace River arch or as extensional fault blocks. In contrast, detritus

Some joke performances are meant to elicit differential responses-laughter from some, and unlaughter from salient others-and so serve as powerful methods for heightening group boundaries. This article illustrates this thesis by analyzing audience responses to practical jokes and to the Muhammad cartoons that aroused worldwide controversy in 2006. To further make this case, I will delineate a theory of the audience for humor. Such a theory has heretofore been largely missing from both folklore and humor scholarship; instead, the lion’s share of scholarly attention has gone to the performers, with the audience’s role taken for granted. In boundary-heightening humor, the audience response is the subject of special attention, and it is interpreted in terms of contemporary notions about the importance of having a sense of humor and especially of being able to laugh at oneself.

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