No abstract

Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is one of the conditions associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity, in addition to its economic burden. Sacubitril/valsartan, the emerging drug in the field of heart failure, has been showing favorable outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, its efficacy in patients with acute decompensated heart failure remains obscure. This systematic review aims to offer more clarity to this established gap of knowledge. PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ScienceOpen were explored to gain access to studies on this topic. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the safety and efficacy of using sacubitril/valsartan in the acute setting. Five clinical trials, 10 observational studies, including two abstracts, in addition to seven case reports and one editorial, were obtained and analyzed. Key outcomes of interest were safety and tolerability, efficacy reflected by N-terminal proB-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and other serum and echocardiographic parameters. Additionally, target dose attainment, rehospitalization rates, and hemodynamics effect were also outcomes of interest. Based on our findings, the use of sacubitril/valsartan in patients with ADHF and cardiogenic shock is an effective measure. Although most of the results pointed to its safety, some of them showed the outcome of serious adverse events recommending its cautious use.

Because of abnormal lipid profiles, the risk of patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is much greater than in the general population. Statins are known effective medications for reducing the risk of CVDs by influencing inflammatory mediators, endothelial function, angiogenesis, and thrombosis. However, their role in PLHIV has not been well confirmed. In this article, we aim to provide more clarity about the effects of statin in lowering CVDs in PLHIV. Cochrane Library, PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) were screened and searched for articles that contained relevant data to our study. In this article, three clinical trials and five observational studies, including eight abstracts, were obtained and analyzed. We included articles that examined the efficacy of statins in reducing CVDs in those with PLHIV. Two reviewers independently abstracted and collected the data. We infer that the cardiovascular events in PLHIV were reduced by the potent effects of statins.