To the Editor, Coronavirus 2019 or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an acute respiratory disease that has infected more than 99 million people and killed more than two million people as of January 26, 2021. 1 COVID-19 has various manifestations such as respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, neurological, and so forth.With the increase in research about COVID-19, various neurological complications have been reported in these patients. Some of the neurological complications that have been reported in COVID-19 patients include headache, anosmia, hyposmia, dysgeusia, impaired consciousness, seizures, encephalitis, demyelinating neuropathy. 2,3 SARS-CoV-2 can directly or indirectly damage neurons by invading the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.The pro-inflammatory "cytokine storm" caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause neuroinflammation, which eventually leads to neuron demyelination. 4 It has already been proven that some viral infections cause various demyelinating diseases in animals and humans. 5 Demyelinating neuropathy is one of the COVID-19 neurological complications. Neuron demyelination can cause several disorders. Some of them include diplopia, ataxia, clonus, dysarthria, paraesthesia in hands and feet, hemiparesis, incoordination, weakness, unsteadiness, and hearing loss. 6,7 Demyelinating disorders have a wide range and are not limited to the cases mentioned. For example, acute demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy, the most common type of Guillain-Barré syndrome, has been reported as a complication in patients with To the best of our knowledge, inflammation, and demyelination in the pudendal nerve can lead to bladder and bowel incontinence. 9,10 Pudendal neuropathy was reported in some viral infections such as HIV and herpes zoster, and multiple sclerosis. 11 Due to innervation of anal and urethral sphincter by the pudendal nerve, It seems COVID-19 by inflammation and demyelination in the pudendal nerve, causes bladder and bowel incontinence.Therefore, these COVID-19 probable neurological complications should be considered important because they can have diagnostic value. Hence, medical staff should consider the possibility of COVID-19 in a suspected patient if they observe these symptoms, and also, people should be aware of COVID-19 when faced with these symptoms. Awareness of the broader symptoms of the disease can lead to a faster therapeutic procedure and consequently reduce the mortality rate.

Background: Stature and sex estimation according to surface anatomical landmarks is applicable for personal identification in forensic medicine. Objectives: The present study aimed to prepare a comprehensive reference of four main upper limb anthropometric dimensions in Iranian adults and make a formula for predicting sex and stature according to them. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, four main anthropometric dimensions of the upper limb, including arm length, forearm length, hand length, and hand width of 280 Iranian adults aged 20 - 24 years, were measured according to surface anatomical landmarks. To determine sex differences, we divided the collected measures into two groups: (1) study (120 males and 120 females); and (2) test (20 males and 20 females) groups. Sexual dimorphism indicator and discriminant functions were conducted on the study group and were validated according to the test group. The relativity of stature with measured dimensions was done by a simple linear regression test in the male and female groups. Results: All upper limb measurements were potent to determine gender, but forearm length displayed the highest accuracy of 94.2 - 95% and 95 - 100% for the study and test groups, respectively. Regression analysis revealed that arm length had the highest correlation with stature (22.2% for males and 18.41% for females). Conclusions: We prepared a sex and stature estimation formula based on four upper limb anthropometric dimensions in Iranian adults that can be used in the forensic and clinical fields.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) new variants potently create a further pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which currently causes global terror. 1 Beyond an