ProblemPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and pro‐inflammatory condition. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol treatment on pro‐inflammatory and ER stress markers in patients with PCOS.Method of studyCumulus cells were obtained from 40 patients with PCOS who were divided into two groups: placebo and resveratrol treatment (receiving 800 mg/d for 40 days) groups. Blood samples were obtained from all patients before and after the procedure to evaluate interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐1β, IL‐18, TNF‐α, NF‐κB, and C‐reactive protein (CRP). Total RNA was extracted from cumulus cells, and cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription. Expressions of five genes in ER stress response pathway (ATF4, ATF6, CHOP, GRP78, and XBP1s) were assessed with quantitative real‐time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed with Student's t test.ResultsAfter treatment with resveratrol, it was found that serum levels of IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐18, NF‐κB, and CRP decreased in the treatment group. In addition, gene expression results showed that the expression levels of ATF4 (P < .05) and ATF6 (P < .001) significantly increased in the resveratrol treatment group, while the expression levels of CHOP, GRP78, and XBP1 (P < .001 for all) significantly decreased.ConclusionResults demonstrated that resveratrol has anti‐inflammatory effects through the suppression of NF‐κB and NF‐κB–regulated gene products. On the other hand, resveratrol can modulate ER stress in granulosa cells (GCs) by altering the expression of genes involved in unfolding protein response (UPR) process. Our findings suggest that ER stress is a potential therapeutic target for patients with PCOS.

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