Summary Background The highly prevalent white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets necessitate introducing preventive materials without relying on patient compliance. Objective To evaluate the antidemineralizing effect of two concentrations of xylitol varnish. Trial design Triple-blind, four-arm, parallel-group, single-center, randomized controlled clinical trial. Methods A total of 120 orthodontic patients were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 30), using a computer-generated randomized block list. The treatment groups were: 10% xylitol, 20% xylitol, 5% fluoride, and placebo. Tooth demineralization was measured with DIAGNOdent at T1 (before treatment), followed by varnish application. At T2 (third month), the varnish was re-applied, and at the third (T2) and sixth (T3) months, and after treatment (T4), the demineralization was measured. The white spot lesion frequency was assessed visually after treatment. The participants, the clinician, and data assessors were all blinded to group assignments. Results A total of 115 patients underwent per-protocol analyses. At T2, the mean DIAGNOdent numbers in the fluoride and 10% xylitol groups were significantly lower than the placebo group (P = 0.00), with a mean difference of 0.63 (95% CI, 0.15–1.10) and 0.5 (95% CI, 0.04–0.95), respectively. At T3, the fluoride and 10% xylitol groups had significantly lower mineral loss than the placebo group (P=0.046) with a mean difference of 0.52 (95% CI, 0.14–0.89) in the fluoride and 0.45 (95% CI, 0.03–0.86) in the 10% xylitol groups, respectively. However, at T4, only the mean for the 10% xylitol group was significantly different (P=0.049) from the placebo group, with a mean difference of 1.18 (95% CI, 0.42–1.93). Visual assessment showed that after treatment, the prevalence of white spot lesions in the fluoride (P=0.03) and 10% xylitol (P=0.00) groups was less than the placebo group with the odds ratio of 0.67 (95% CI, 0.46–0.96) and 0.43 (95% CI, 0.28–0.64), respectively. Conclusion The 10% xylitol varnish short-term effects on caries control were significantly greater than 20% xylitol varnish and placebo but similar to fluoride varnish. However, the 10% xylitol long-term effect was almost better than fluoride varnish. Trial registration The protocol was registered at IRCT.ir under the code IRCT20180913041032N1.

This systematic review was undertaken with the main aim of assessing the therapeutic effects of herbal medicines in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to July 2021 to identify randomized clinical trials investigated the effects of herbal medicines on RAS. Thirty‐three papers comprising 2,113 patients met the eligibility criteria, of which 30 studies had a high quality based on the Jadad scale. Totally, 22 out of 30 studies which assessed the pain showed that herbal agents significantly decreased the pain compared with the control group or placebo. In 17 out of 25 studies that evaluated ulcer size, herbal agents significantly reduced the size of ulcers compared with the control or placebo groups. In 15 out of 18 studies that assessed the healing time, herbal agents significantly reduced healing time in the intervention groups compared with the placebo or control groups. Few adverse events were reported only in four studies. Findings of the current review indicated medicinal plants and phytochemicals as effective and safe agents that for the treatment of RAS.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the oral health-related quality of life and type-D personality in cleft lip/palate (CLP) patients and the relationship between type-D personality and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in CLP patients. Fifty patients with CLP within age range from 8 to 15 years were chosen and asked to complete both Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHI) and Type-D scale (DS14) questionnaire. Moreover, the participants of a control group matched with CLP patients were asked to complete the DS14 questionnaire. A significant difference between boys and girls on the subscale "emotional well-being" of COHIP (P = 0.001) and a positive significant correlation between "oral symptoms" and age (P = 0.029) were found among CLP patients. The prevalence of type-D personality was equal between clefts and nonclefts groups. However, there was a significant relationship between type-D personality and OHRQoL in CLP patients regarding mean scores of overall COHIP and its subscales (P < 0.05). This study has shown that the personality type remains unchanged among cleft patients and a meaningful relationship exists between type-D personality and OHRQoL.

No abstract

Class II malocclusion may be caused by the maxillary protrusion or the mandibular retrusion. One treatment method is to use a headgear, which might affect the dimensions of the patient's airway. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a headgear on the airway dimensions in class II malocclusion patients. A digital search and a manual search were conducted for English-language articles published from January 2000 to December 2018 about human clinical trials, including the usage of a cervical headgear in class II malocclusion patients who had measurable changes in the airway and/or jaw size. The synthesis methods of the study consisted of data concerning the study design, the type of treatment device, the patient's age at the start, the sample size, the treatment duration, the type of radiography, and the results of treatment; this data was extracted and compared. The quality of the selected articles was assessed. All of the studies had a high risk of bias, providing low-quality evidence of the effectiveness of the headgear therapy on the airway dimensions. The conclusions of the articles differed from each other and there were different mechanisms of changes in the jaw or airway dimensions. Therefore, further studies are required to find the clearest results showing the effect of a cervical headgear in class II malocclusion.