This study compares university students’ performance in traditional learning to that of online learning during the pandemic, and analyses the implications of the shift to online learning from a faculty’s perspective. The Quick-Response Research method using Google Documents was used with 104 faculty members chosen on convenience sampling in five Saudi traditional (face-to-face) universities that shifted to online learning during the COVID-19 outbreak. Results showed that the performance of university students has been better via this method than traditional learning. Classroom activity was shown to positively affect overall student performance. Moreover, the adaptation of technology positively affected the validity of using online learning and student performance. We also found that time management and technology self-efficacy are mandatory to improve remote learning.

Arabic calligraphy constitutes one of the most prominent and inveterate areas of Islamic art. The study aims to find out the provenance of Arabic Calligraphy and answer the question about what is the origin of Arabic calligraphy? In truth, answering this question is not easy, predominantly because there have been so many diverging opinions. Given its deep and ancient roots, question of its origin is critical. This study attempts to answer this question by examining four major theories regarding the origin of Arabic writing and calligraphy: the theory of restriction and inspiration, the Persian theory, the Musnad theory, and the Nabataean theory. These four theories are reviewed, compared, and analyzed. The results of the study confirm that the origin of Arabic calligraphy derives to a large extent from Nabataean calligraphy and to a much lesser extent from Musnad calligraphy. An additional influence on the appearance and morphology of Arabic calligraphy is Persian Pahlavi calligraphy. The most recent archeological discovery made in Saudi Arabia was an archeological inscription found in a deserted area of Wadi Tharouq, in Daws in Al-Mandaq Province supports this trend. The Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage announced that this stone inscription dates back to the seventh century AD. It is a passage from the Quran. Analysis reveals the similarity between the script of this inscription and Nabatean calligraphy in terms of the composition of the words and the character forms.

The concept of beauty (jamaal) is considered the intellectual foundation upon which many artistic achievements are built. This study aims to address the concept of beauty in Islam through three sources: the Noble Quran, the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, and the opinions of early Muslim thinkers. A systematic literature review was conducted to collect data, and an analysis was performed to examine the topic of this study. Among the most important results is that the concept of beauty in Islam is divided into two parts: moral beauty and formal beauty. In Islamic vision, the former is more important than the latter. A consensus has also been reached among the Quran, the Prophet's teachings, and the opinions of Muslim thinkers regarding this interpretation.