As a state-of-the-art computational method for simulating rock fracturing and fragmentation, the combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM) has become widely accepted since Munzijia (2004) published his comprehensive book of FDEM. This study developed a generalpurpose graphic-processing-unit (GPGPU)-parallelized FDEM using the compute unified device architecture (CUDA) C/C++ based on the authors' former sequential two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) Y-HFDEM IDE (integrated development environment) code. The theory and algorithm of the GPGPU-parallelized 3D Y-HFDEM IDE code are first introduced by focusing on the implementation of the contact detection algorithm, which is different from that in the sequential code, contact damping and contact friction. 3D modelling of the failure process of limestone under quasi-static loading conditions in uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) tests and Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) tests are then conducted using the GPGPU-parallelized 3D Y-HFDEM IDE code. The 3D FDEM modelling results show that mixed-mode I-II failures are the dominant failure mechanisms along the shear and splitting failure planes in the UCS and BTS models, respectively, with unstructured meshes. Pure mode I splitting failure planes and pure mode II shear failure planes are only possible in the UCS and BTS models, respectively, with structured meshes. Subsequently, 3D modelling of the dynamic fracturing of marble in dynamic Brazilian tests with a split Hopkinson pressure

Due to its complexities, rock fracturing process still poses many pressing challenges despite intense research efforts. With the rapid development of computational mechanics, numerical techniques have gradually become robust tools for the investigation of rock fracture. Nevertheless, not all of the devised methods are capable of adequately modelling the rock fracture process. For an accurate simulation of the process, a numerical method needs to be capable of modelling crack initiation, propagation, bifurcation, coalescence and separation.This paper provided a review of recent advances in computational analysis of the rock fracture process, which is built upon a number of literature on numerical modelling of mechanics of failure in rock and other brittle materials. After briefly discussing the fundamentals of rock fracture mechanisms, the basic structure of the existing and recently developed numerical techniques such as Finite Element Method, Boundary Element Method, Discrete Element Method, Combined methods and Multiscale coupled method are illustrated. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of these numerical techniques are discussed and the most promising methods are highlighted.