Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle (CPC) is considered one of the rare conditions that regularly diagnosed during the first years if life and resulted from the failure of the union process of the ossification nuclei of the clavicle. Surgical management is considered the first line treatment of this condition however, associated with some complications. In this case study, we reported a case of 2- year- old- boy presented with Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle that was treated with conservative management.

The knee is a synovial hinges-type joint, it is prone to different diseases that may lead eventually to its deterioration. The wearing of knee joint results in enormous pain that can be described as unbearable by the patient, which ultimately affects their overall well-being, their capability to take care of themself, and their social and psychological status. Knee replacement surgeries are one of the solutions that helped in changing people's lives during the past few decades. We aimed to review the literature investigating knee replacement surgeries, indications, different techniques, and assessment of success. PubMed database was used for articles selection, gathered papers had undergone a thorough review. The choice of whether the patient should undertake this kind of operation or not should be strictly tailored to each case. Despite the different suggestions of trying to make one universal criterion for knee replacement surgeries, for instance, Escobar criteria, it still can be variable due to different personal and medical specifications of the case. Different techniques of knee replacement surgeries are practiced with advantages and disadvantages for each, consequently, the choice should be made on the scientific ground and solid judgment.

The current case study deals with Comminuted Scapular Body Fracture after Seizure. Diagnosis of the epilepsy defined as two or more unprovoked seizures. The prevalence of epilepsy is found to be .5 – 2%. People with epilepsy are at risk of fractures either due to fall, muscle contractions that lead for avulsion fractures or loss of protective mechanism during seizures. Muscles contraction during tonic phase of seizures can result in variety of musculoskeletal injuries that include shoulder dislocation or fractures, spine vertebral bodies fractures and acetabular fractures.

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Lumbar disc herniation (LDH), the most frequent cause of sciatica, is a localized displacement of disc material beyond the usual boundaries of the intervertebral disc space, affecting 1% to 5% of the population yearly. Physiotherapy, medicinal therapy, and/or an epidural corticosteroid injection are nonsurgical first-line therapies for sciatica. However, compared to conservative treatment, surgery provides faster symptom alleviation. Over 40% of patients allocated to conservative treatment require surgery within two years. Nevertheless, surgical intervention in such cases is accompanied by several heated debates. The objective of the study is to look into the published works of literature that evaluated the role of surgery in LDH cases. Articles were selected through the use of the PubMed database in which the following points were put in (("lumbar disc herniation" [Mesh]) AND ("surgical intervention" [Mesh]) OR ("discectomy"[Mesh])). It has been found that surgical intervention in patients with LDH resulted in improved patient-reported outcomes, including subjective work capacity and quality of life, when compared to non-operative treatment. When compared to open discectomy, minimally invasive discectomy is linked to reduced blood loss, shorter operating times with no increase in overall complications that resulted in reoperation or wound infection in LDH cases. However, minimally invasive discectomy comes with a steeper learning curve.