Pollination and thinning are basic procedures of date palms in terms of their impact on fruit development, quality and yield, as well as the organization yearly tree bearing. The development of pollination technology, which leads to an acceptable level of fruit set with the use of small amount of pollen grains and without a further need for thinning, is necessary to improve the productivity of date palms, especially under arid conditions. This examination was done on Saidy date palm for both progressive seasons 2017 and 2018 at El-Kharga Oasis, New Valley Governorate, Egypt. The impact of pollen grain suspension at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g blended with starch 5.0 g, dust pollen at 10, 12.5 and 16.7% as well as fruit thinning at 10, 20 and 30% on fruit retained, fruit weight/bunch, yield and fruit quality were examined. The outcomes announced that utilization pollen grains suspension at 1.0 g + 5.0 g starch and dusting at 10% as well as the fruit thinning at 30% had a decrement level of fruit weight/bunch about 9.64, 9.99 and 9.64% compared to the traditional treatment, respectively. The most elevated estimations fruit weight (11.28, 11.44 and 11.22 g) were obtained from spraying pollen grains suspension at 0.5 g + 5.0 g starch, dusting at 10% and removing 30% of fruit, which led to 20.51, 22.22 and 19.87% increment over the traditional treatment as average of the two seasons, respectively. Likewise, utilizing pollen grains suspension at 0.5 g or pollen dusting at 10% and removing 30% of fruit gave the most elevated values of TSS and sugar contents, while, utilizing the traditional pollination gave the least values. We can conclude from that pollination by either pollen grains suspension at 1.0 g or dusting at 10% should be possible to acquire an extensive yield with great quality, increase the efficiency of the pollination process and combine the two methods of pollination and fruit thinning at the same time in their effect on the productivity of date palms.

Sucrose is a very important component of in vitro culture media, serving as a source of carbon and energy. In this experiment, the rooting and growth of Aboudy fig cultivar (Ficus carica), was studied by culturing the new shoots on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 NAA (mg/L) at pH 5.8 and different concentrations of sucrose (1, 5 and 3% as a control treatment). Sucrose concentration in the culture medium had no effect on plant shooting and growth, but sucrose concentration at 5% gave the highest rate of root production estimated as root numbers or root length.

One of the major physiological disorders for pomegranate cultivation is the excessive of fruit cracking. lately, a pomegranate physiological syndrome called 'aril paleness' in which a part or all of the arils appear discoloration, affect the quality of fruit and such fruits are not desired for consumer. The present research designed to evaluate the effects of methyl jasmonate (MJ), humic acid (HA) and potassium (K) on reducing these disorders and improving fruit quality. Seven treatments including MJ (5 and 10 ppm), HA (50 and 100 ppm), Liquid K (1 and 2%) and control, were tested on pomegranate trees spraying three times, at the beginning of flowering (during April), after full bloom (end of June) and before harvesting (mid-September), during the two seasons of study. Different parameters including yield, fruit cracking and fruit quality were measured. The obtained results indicated that spraying HA at 100 ppm and MJ at 10 ppm are considered the best in their effects on the yield components, fruit quality and anthocyanin content, however for decreasing the fruit cracking, it could be recommended to spray the fruits with K at 1% or MJ 10 ppm compared to the rest of the treatments.

Macro- and micronutrient levels were monitored during the in vitro tuberization of potato (cv. Alpha) in liquid medium of MS salts and vitamins supplemented with 8% sucrose and 5 mg·liter–1 kinetin under complete darkness at 18C. Microtubers were formed in 50% of the cultured jars at day 20 and reached their full size at day 60 of culture initiation. By this time, medium N, P, and K levels had dropped by 89%, 84%, and 41%, respectively. The major drop in medium N occurred during the pre-tuberization stage, when it was taken up mostly by shoots. During tuber enlargement, the rate of Zn, Fe, and Mn removal from medium was slower than their rate of uptake by tubers. The changes in shoot and tuber Ca were very small where most of the Ca removed from medium was diverted into the roots.

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