The furniture industry is suspected to have triggered global warming. The need for wood as raw material becomes a necessity for cutting down trees. The concept of a circular economy aims to reduce the use of natural resources by utilizing production waste or post-use product waste into raw materials. One strategy that can be used to support the circular economy is by implementing 6R. The application of 6R in a circular economic perspective on the furniture industry will be interesting to do. This study uses value stream mapping as a lean manufacturing analysis tool to identify furniture company waste. Value stream mapping is developed by integrating green manufacturing indicators such as material consumption and waste management. Practically, the furniture company can find out the map of production waste so that it can utilize waste as raw material for derivative products as an effort to reduce tree felling. Theoretically, this research will enrich the integration of green-value stream mapping toward the circular economy by implementing the 6R strategy in furniture companies. Reuse wood waste as a raw material for a variety of table products can reduce the amount of wood waste while reducing the resources of wood logs.

Background Early in life, selective visual input disruption to one eye compromises most of the visual aspects, resulting in amblyopia, with a great social and economic effect. Despite being the easiest and most popular treatment regimen, monocular occlusion therapy is often questioned for efficacy in controlling visual abnormalities other than acuity in different etiologies of amblyopia. Purpose To find out the difference in response of moderately amblyopic, anisometropic versus strabismic eyes to partial occlusion therapy regarding visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), and depth of vision and find out any correlation of improvement of these parameters. Patients and methods This prospective comparative study included 49 moderately amblyopic children between 7 and 12 years of age divided into two groups: 25 anisometropic and 24 strabismic ones. Patients received 2-h parent-monitored occlusion regimen with near activity for 6 months on a monthly basis of follow-up. VA, CS, and stereoacuity were evaluated at each visit. Results Both groups showed significant improvement in VA, although the difference in the average amount of improvement was not significant (P<0.0001). Intragroup distribution of improvement was considerably different, where 9% of strabismic amblyopes achieved full visual recovery as compared with 40% of the anisometropic, and 62.5% had residual amblyopia versus 36% in the anisometropic group. CS improved significantly more in the anisometropic group (P=0.0493). Only 42% of the strabismic amblyopes improved in stereoacuity as compared with 88% of the anisometropic ones; the mean difference was not significant. In anisometropic amblyopes, initial VA correlated significantly with CS (P=0.019) and stereoacuity improvement (P=0.0133). Conclusion Moderately amblyopic anisometropic or strabismic children 7–12 years old can get benefit in different visual aspects from part-time occlusion therapy. The anisometropic amblyopes show better CS improvement and more reliable expectations of recovery that are largely dependent on the initial visual.

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Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the biometric characteristics of Egyptian patients with history of acute angle-closure crisis (AACC). Patients and methods This is a retrospective case–control study that included 20 patients aged 18 years and older. They were divided into three groups: group 1, which included 10 patients who had history of AACC in one eye; group 2, which included the fellow eyes of the patients with AACC who served as control eyes; and group 3, which included 10 normal volunteers participating with one eye as normal controls. Biometric parameters of the eyes were acquired and the ocular crowding value (OCV − defined as lens thickness+central corneal thickness − anterior chamber depth/axial length) was calculated for each eye. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted, and biometric variables were compared to compile a risk assessment for AACC. Results There was a statistically significant difference in the OCV between the different eye groups. The OCV had a 90.0% sensitivity and 75.0% specificity at a cutoff value above 0.1045. Eyes with AACC had significantly thicker lens (P=0.008), shallower anterior chamber depth (P<0.001), and shorter axial length (P<0.001) than healthy eyes. Conclusion The OCV might be a noncontact screening method to assess the risk of AACC in adults.