The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 disease as a pandemic after the first cases from China were reported in December 2020. COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome), spreads by contact with infected droplets. The incubation period ranges from 2 to 14 days with initial symptoms of fever, sore throat, cough, fatigue, malaise, and breathlessness. In patients with co-morbidities and the elderly, it progresses to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multi-organ failure. Regarding the impact of the environment on the spread of the corona virus, more research is going on. Environmental factors including atmospheric temperature, ventilation, climate change, and humidity have been studied to understand the effect of these factors on COVID-19 spread. We have evaluated studies to date related to the environmental effect on COVID-19 and summarized them for better understanding.

Introduction: Many studies showed that police officers complained about physical and mental health issues due to job stress. These work stresses lead to adopting unhealthy lifestyles and habits including the harmful use of alcohol and tobacco use which leads to high blood pressure, heart attacks, and other NCDs. Methods: This cross-sectional study included all male police personnel of all cadres from nine police stations of Karimnagar Mandal. WHO STEPS NCD survey questionnaires were used to collect basic soci-demographic information, clinical history, stress, and anthropometry for measurements of CVD risk factors. Result: 253 police personnel with a mean age of 41.09 years enrolled from all cadres. 152 (60%) of police personnel had multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Hypercholesterolemia (37.2%) followed by a sedentary lifestyle (30.8%), and diabetes mellitus (14.6%) were important findings in this study. This study has also revealed an important link between preceding conditions for developing cardiovascular diseases such as pre-hypertension in 42.7% and impaired fasting glucose level in 25.7% of police personnel. Half of the study police personnel had a family history of NCDs and it was not statistically significant with service experience. There was a strong association between years of experience and tobacco and alcohol use. Organizational and operational stress levels increased with the increase in years of experience in policing (p-value<0. 01). Conclusion: Smoking and alcohol consumption were more prevalent among Police personnel which need to be controlled. Physical inactivity was another important area. Their attitude towards controlling the risk factors and practicing healthy behavior to safeguard from cardiovascular diseases has to be strengthened. It can be done by conducting regular awareness camps, training sessions, and regular cardiac risk factor evaluations for all police personnel.

Background: To analyze the chest computed tomography (CT) features in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study comprising 202 consecutive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive patients who underwent CT chest. For 25 patients, follow-up CT scans were obtained. The CT images were evaluated for the number, type and distribution of the opacity, and CT severity scoring was done Results: Among the total study cohort of 202 patients, 152 were males and 50 were females .From July 07, 2020, to september07, 2020, totally 202 laboratory-confirmed patients with COVID-19 underwent chest CT. For 25 patients, follow-up CT scans were obtained. The CT images were evaluated for the number, type and distribution of the opacity, and the affected lung lobes. Furthermore, the initial CT scan and the follow-up CT scans were compared. Results were patients (98.5%) had two or more opacities in the lung and 3 (1.5%) patients has negative chest CT. 183 (90.6%) patients had only ground-glass opacities; 13 patients (6.4%) had ground-glass and consolidative opacities; and 3 patients (1.5%) had only consolidation. A total 192 of patients (96.5%) showed two or more lobes involved. The opacities tended to be both in peripheral and central 7 (3.5%) or purely peripheral distribution 192 (96.5%). 177 patients (88.9%) had the lower lobe involved.8 patients showed complete resolution of lung findings. Conclusion: In this study population, the typical CT features of COVID 19 pneumonia are ground glass opacity with or without consolidation, which is patchy and peripheral, predominantly in lower lobes.