The discrete element method (DEM) is frequently used to investigate the behaviour of granular media (Bravo in Simulation of soil and tillage-tool interaction by the discrete element method, 2013; Tijskens et al. in J Sound Vib 266:493–514, 2003; Langston et al. in Chem Eng Sci 50:967–987, 1995; Kohring et al. in Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 124:273–281, 1995; Stahl et al. in Granul Matter 13:417–428, 2011). The parameter calibration is a challenging task due to the large number of input parameters and the computational effort. Sometimes, this is performed with a trial-and-error approach as mentioned in Roessler et al. (Powder Technol 343:803–812, 2019), Rackl and Hanley (Powder Technol 307:73–83, 2017) based on laboratory tests, e.g. the pile experiment, the oedometer experiment and the shear test. To achieve a more suitable calibration, a better model understanding is necessary in which the influence of the DEM parameters is analysed. Consequently, the calibration can be focused on specific parameters, which have a significant influence on thef model response. If parameters with a negligibly small influence exist, the number of calibration parameters can be reduced. On this basis, it is possible to decide whether the laboratory test is suitable for the calibration of specific parameters or not. This is demonstrated with a sensitivity analysis based on Sobol’ indices for the oedometer laboratory test. In order to reduce the computational effort, the sensitivity analysis is performed with different metamodels of the oedometer simulation. The metamodels are fitted and validated with two separate sampling point sets. It is shown that the Young’s modulus for the investigated input space is the most significant parameter. This knowledge can be used to only focus the calibration on this significant parameter which enables an easier calibration and makes clear that for calibrating of other parameters this laboratory test is inappropriate. An algorithm of a force-driven plate is developed and shown which prevents non-physical states in which the interaction force between the particles and the loadplate exceeds the applied force.

Faculty of mechanical engineering, Chair of automotive engineering, 22043 HamburgIn this contribution a transformation from macro-to micro-mechanical quantities is shown. The macro-scale is treated with the Cosserat-continuum and is simulated with the Finite-Element-Method (FEM), while the body in micro-scale is simulated with the Discrete-Element-Method (DEM). The transformation preserve the mass, the kinetic energy, the momentum, the moment of momentum and the energy of stress, couple stress and volume forces.