F errous sulfate is the most commonly used drug for treatment of iron deficiency anemia, but it is badly absorbed and causes many unfavorable side effects. Nanotechnology is a way to decrease the side effects of drugs and to increase the drug bioavailability. So, this study is designed to investigate the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles in comparison to ferrous sulphate in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in rats. Forty male albino rats were divided into two main groups: Control group (10 rats) and anemic group (30 rats) that received standard iron free basal diet for six weeks. Then the anemic group was subdivided into three groups (10 rats) in each group: anemic control group, ferrous sulfate group (received ferrous sulfate 0.4 mg/ kg b.w/ 10 days) and iron oxide nanoparticles group (received iron oxide nanoparticles 0.4 mg/ kg b.w/ 10 days) in the drinking water. Iron oxide nanoparticlescaused a significant increase in the level of red blood cells (8.80±0.05 10 6 /µL), hemoglobin (18.46±0.33 g/dL), hematocrit (46.66±0.23 %), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (53.02±0.3 FL), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (39.56±0.6 %), ferritin (447.6±9.02 µg/L), transferrin saturation (138.0±1.5), total iron binding capacity (TIBC) (145.00±1.15 mg/dL) and serum iron (276.33±2.07 mg/dL). Moreover, it decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) (31.85±0.34 nmol/g) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (312.66±1.7 mg/L) when compared to ferrous sulfate group and anemia control groups. These results revealed that iron oxide nanoparticles proved as an effective drug for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in rats.

Aflatoxins (AFs) are the most detrimental mycotoxin, potentially hazardous to animals and humans. AFs in food threaten the health of consumers and cause liver cancer. Therefore, a safe, efficient, and friendly approach is attributed to the control of aflatoxicosis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impacts of Chlorella vulgaris (CLV) on hepatic aflatoxicosis, aflatoxin residues, and meat quality in quails. Quails were allocated into a control group; the CLV group received CLV (1 g/kg diet); the AF group received an AF-contaminated diet (50 ppb); and the AF + CLV group received both treatments. The results revealed that AF decreased the growth performance and caused a hepatic injury, exhibited as an increase in liver enzymes and disrupted lipid metabolism. In addition, AF induced oxidative stress, exhibited by a dramatic increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and decreases in glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. Significant up-regulation in the inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) mRNA expression was also documented. Moreover, aflatoxin residues were detected in the liver and meat with an elevation of fat% alongside a decrease in meat protein%. On the other hand, CLV supplementation ameliorated AF-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory condition in addition to improving the nutritional value of meat and significantly reducing AF residues. CLV mitigated AF-induced hepatic damage, decreased growth performance, and lowered meat quality via its antioxidant and nutritional constituents.

It is concluded that coconut oil is very effective against deleterious hyperlipidemic, hyperglycemic and nephro-toxic effects of alloxan.

Objective: The main objective of this study is to investigate the antioxidant and nephroprotective efficacy of moringa oleifera seed extract (MOSE) against cisplatin which induced acute renal injury. Methods: Forty male Wister rats were equally segregated into 4 groups (10 rats per group): group I (0.5 ml of sterile saline orally), group II (200 mg MOSE/kg b. wt orally for 10 consecutive days), group III (7.5 mg cisplatin/kg b. wt/intraperitonially as a single dose on the 5th day of the experiment) and group IV (200 mg moringa oleifera seed extract (MOSE)/kg orally for 10 d followed by 7.5 mg cisplatin/kg body weight/intraperitonially once as a single dose on the 5th day of the experiment. Serum biochemical analysis of renal biomarkers (urea, uric acid, and creatinine), oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA]), a crucial antioxidant enzyme (catalase) and the expression of renal activity interleukin (IL)-6, (IL)-10 and Tumer necrotic factor (TNF-α) mRNA were determined. Histopathological examination of renal tissue was done. Results: Cisplatin induced renal damage, increased renal biomarkers (urea, creatinine and uric acid)(375.87±1.65, 5.238±0.25, 4.47±0.25). Tissue concentrations of malondialdehyde, IL-6 and TNF-α.(387.56±0.97, 2.188±0.20, 3.06±0.27)compared to control group(140.58±1.25,0.938±0.017, 1.24±0.17), (163.99±1.34, 1.008±0.05, 0.982±0.026) Moreover, cisplatin induced significantly down-regulation of anti-inflammatory (IL-10) and catalase (0.780±0.47, 1.62±0.06) compared to control one (1.010±0.02, 3.12±0.11),. The histopathological examination showed renal tissue damage and degeneration of tubules in the cortical portion in cisplatin group. However, interestingly concurrent adminsteration of the MOSE with cisplatin can alleviated the renal damage, oxidative stress and renal toxicity caused by cisplatin. Conclusion: These results suggest that the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory effects of MOSE alleviate the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.

The present study was designed to investigate biochemical changes induced by doxycycline treatment of carrageenan-induced renal inflammation. For this purpose, 60 rats divided into four groups. Group (1) used as a control and administrated distilled water (1 ml/kg, i. p.) daily for 5 days. Group (2) carrageenan group: rats administrated 2% λ-Carrageenan (25 µl/ kg, i. p.) as one dose at first day of experiment. Group (3) doxycycline rats were received doxycycline (100 mg/kg, i. p./day/5 days). Group (4) carrageenan+ doxycycline rats were received doxycycline (100 mg/kg, i. p.), after an hour 2% λcarrageenan (25 µl/kg, i. p.) as one dose at first day of experiment. The experiment was continued for 5 days. Collection of samples was performed on 1 st , 3 rd , and 5 th day of experiment. Serum was used for evaluation of kidney function (urea, creatinine, Na + and K + ) and plasma proteins (total protein, albumin, and globulin), as well as inflammatory markers and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, and NO). Kidney tissue used for estimation of antioxidant parameters (MDA and GPx), and histopathology. The results revealed that there were significant increases in urea, creatinine, MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, and NO in carrageenan group, while GPx, Na + and K + showed significant decreases. Moreover, histological examination of group 2 showed degenerative changes in the lining epithelium of renal tubules associated with peritubular mononuclear cells infiltration compared with control group. Therefore, it could be concluded that doxycycline has anti-inflammatory role.