One thousands and eighty one day old chicks were examined for isolation of different bacteria. Salmonella was detected in 11.7% in native chicks while 5.2% among imported chicks, E. coli was isolated from 17.6% in native chicks while 23.6% in imported, Staph aureus was present in 29.4% in native and 5.2% in imported chicks. Serological typing of Salmonella was Salmonella Norwich, Salmonella Wilhelburg in native chicks while in imported chicks were Salmonella Brancoster, Salmonella Sekondi II. E .coli serotyping reveled O125, O153, O86a in native chicks while in imported chicks were O26, O78, O36, O15, O124, O169, O6, O28 and one untypeable strain. Seven Staph aureus isolates five from native and two from imported. Antibiogram of isolated bacteria was done. All Salmonella strains were sensitive to Gentamycin while all E. coli strains were sensitive to Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid and Nitrofurantoin. All Staph aureus isolates were sensitive to Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid. . (2008):Antimicrobial resistance in generic Escherichia coli isolated from swine fecal samples in 90 Alberta finishing farms.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the daily effect of pre and post treatment of carob aqueous extract (600 mg/kg b. wt.); on rats exposed to were exposed to water pipe smoke (10 mg/kg; 15 minutes) for 2, 4, 6 and 8 w.Methods: Rats were divided into 6 groups; 1 st group was served as a control. Rats of the 2 nd group were administered amiodarone (an antiarrhythmic medication used as a model for lung toxicity) at a dose level of 30 mg/kg. The rats of 3 rd and 4 th groups were exposed to water pipe smoke and treated with carob extract respectively. However, the two remaining groups (5 th and 6 th ) were the pre-and post-treatment groups with carob extract respectively.Results: Amiodarone and water pipe smoke induced a significant increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP); on the contrary, induced a significant decrease in serum total protein and albumin. In addition; serum creatinine and urea showed a significant increase; as well as; amiodarone and water pipe smoke increased the oxidative stress (malondialdehyde/glutathione; MDA/GSH) in lung tissue homogenate. While; carob extract gavage showed protective and curative effects in liver and kidney functions; in addition; it decreased MDA level and increased GSH level significantly. Conclusion:Finally, we can conclude that the carob aqueous extract treatment revealed ameliorative effects on rats were exposed to water pipe smoke.

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Cephalopina titillator infestation cause great economic losses where the infested camels show different clinical signs which varied from loss of appetite, decrease in body weights, and milk production to impaired breathing. In the current study, the prevalence of C. titillator was recorded by PM examination and indir ect ELISA in serum and mucus samples as 26.27%, 83.33%, and 51.67%, respectively. Also, the study showed a highly significant relation between the sample sources (serum/mucus) and the antigen types (Excretory Secretory Products ESP, Or ga n 's content Co, Crude Cr & Somatic So Ags) depending upon the obtained res u lts b y indirect ELISA. The usage of different antigens showed a significant variation in the obtained results by ELISA test, where Co Ag recorded the highest values followed by ESP and finally, So Ag showed the lowest values. The recorded results for indirect ELISA showed that the use of Co Ag for antibody detection in s er u m samples showed the highest significant values in comparison with other used Ags . Area under Curve (AUC) referred to a good diagnostic accuracy of ELISA test where it reached 0.73 for Co Ag and ESP. The obtained results illustrated moderate to high significant agreement between PM examination and ELISA test. The stu d y concluded that using an indirect ELISA against different third instar antigens o f C. titillator reported higher values in serum than mucus. The strength of antigen immunogenicity was arranged as: Co > Cr > ESP > So in serum, and it was E SP > Cr > Co & So in mucus. Also, the use of Co Ag for the serum samples in ELISA considered the most immunogenic one which enhance IgG production and recommends its use for early and accurate serodiagnosis of C. titillator infestatio n in naturally infected camels.