Three studies investigated antecedents and consequences of stereotype threat for female employees. The results of Studies 1 and 2 suggest that social comparisons with men are associated with feelings of stereotype threat whereas social comparisons with women are not. Stereotype threat, in turn, was associated with conflict surrounding women's identity as female employees and with decreased perceived likelihood of achieving career goals. Study 3 extended these findings by demonstrating that feelings of stereotype threat are also negatively related to workplace attitudes and turnover intentions. Furthermore, the effect of stereotype threat on these job attitudes and intentions was itself mediated by identity conflict and perceived likelihood of achieving career goals. Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.

Cardiac troponins levels can predict the severity of myocarditis and the prognosis on the short-term level. Fulminant myocarditis was associated with higher levels of both cTn I & cTn T than acute myocarditis. Despite that fulminant myocarditis has a more aggressive course, the risk of developing cardiomyopathy was less than in acute myocarditis.

This prospective longitudinal study investigated depressive symptoms and its association with students' demographic, academic, and health factors in undergraduate students of pharmacy in Syria. Students attending any year (1st to 5th year) were assessed in the first semester (time 1) and in the second semester (time 2). An academic year comprises two semesters of 16 weeks each. Data for 450 students were analyzed at time 1, and 262 students were assessed at the two time points. Our results showed that most of the students experienced depressive symptoms, with a substantial percentage presenting moderate to severe levels of symptoms (35% or 450 students at time 1; 23% or 262 students at time 2). Across the two semesters, a significant decrease in depressive symptoms was observed for students with complete data at the two time points. Depressive symptoms at time 2 increased significantly with increasing depressive scores at time 1 and decreasing students' expectations about their academic performance. Our results support the clear need for dynamic, full-time, and accessible psychological services at the university to promote and assess mental health and to deliver psychological interventions to students at need.

Die Fähigkeit des Menschen über den unmittelbaren Moment hinauszublicken und sowoh l kurz-als auch langfristige Konsequenzen in aktuell e Handlungsentscheidungen einzubeziehen, ist e in e Fähigkeit von unschätzbarem Wert. Jedoch müssen wir uns eingestehen, dass sich diese Fähigkeit oftmals nicht in unserem Verhalten niederschlägt. Sei es das Stück Sahnetorte, die Zigarette, das Bier zu viel oder der spontane, die eigenen Finanzen übersteigende Einkauf; trotz unserer reflektorischen Fähigkeit über den Moment hinauszublicken , scheint unser konkretes Verhalten in vielen Momenten durch unmittelbar auftretende Impulse bestimmt zu sein. Diesem Konfl ikt zwischen Impuls und Reflektion ist der Positionsartikel von Hofmann und Kollegen (Hofmann, Friese, Müller & Strack, in dieser Ausgabe) gewidmet. Die Autoren betrachten das Phänomen des Selbstkontrollkontlikts sowoh l aus einer ideengeschichtlichen als auch aus einer psychologischen Perspektive und berufen sich dabei auf das Reflektiv-Impulsiv-Modell (RIM) von Strack und Deutsch (2004). In dem folgenden Kommentar möchten wir uns dieser Perspektive anschließen , wobei wir versuchen werden sie um zentrale Aspekte einer handlungspsychologischen Perspektive zu erweitern. Wir beginnen mit einer kurzen Zusammenfassung zentra ler Konzepte und einem Überblick über die Unterteilung des Kommentars .

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