Experimental area was carried out at faculty of Moshothor Agricultural, Banha University, Qalubiya Governorate, under open field conditions during April 2015 and 2016, respectively. This study aim to evaluating the efficacy of some plant extracts and chemical insecticides against sucking pests encompass (the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, the thrips, Thrips tabaci, the aphid, Aphis gossypii in addition to the spider mite, Tetranychus urticae on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) and Economic feasibility to pests control under field condition. The results revealed that there are significant differences between using three systemic insecticides and five botanical oils on population density of whitefly, thrips and spider mite without aphid, wherever the tested compounds cause reduction to these pests. It is clear from the previous view that each of the treatment Final oil and garlic Oil extraction economically feasible compared to experiments either (thiamethoxam, imidacloprid , acetamiprid, rosemarie oil, sesame oil, lemon oil and control) as each pound investor in them achieves profit of each of them, respectively approximately 3.7, 2.9 pounds. Recommendation: the paper recommendation by using five botanical oils to reduce population of whitefly, thrips, aphid and red mite without any pesticides.

The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, nymphs, and adults sucking sap Excessive use of pesticides caused pollution of the environment and the death of beneficial insects, it is one of the most damaging pests of Potato, Solanum tuberosum, so it was necessary to search for more safe alternatives. An experiment was carried out during seasons 2021 and 2022 under field conditions in Egypt. The objective of this study aimed to use peppermint and eucalyptus essential oils and prepare coarse emulsions and nanoemulsions (CE and NE) of both peppermint and eucalyptus essential oils. The results reported that the numbers of nymphs per plant before treatment during season 2022 were greater than those in season 2021, which may be due to increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation, specific humidity, and wind speed. On the other hand, essential oil's nanoemulsion (NE) was more effective in controlling B. tabaci. Generally, the toxicity decreased with time after spraying. The second spray was more effective than the first spray. P (CE, NE) revealed the most effectiveness, followed by E (CE, NE) during both seasons. During season 2021, the NEs were slightly more effective than the CEs. During season 2022, recorded no significant difference between CEs and NEs. Also, the toxicity of the tested emulsions was highly effective during season 2021 compared with 2022 due to decreasing temperatures in December 2021 compared to December 2022. The study of the growth component deduced that the parameters of potato plants after being treated with tested emulsions showed that both peppermint coarse emulsion PCE and eucalyptus coarse emulsion ECE achieved slightly decreased portion levels. ECE increased total plant carbohydrates. However, our treatments did not affect the phenolic compounds of potato leaf plants, although ENE caused an increase in phenolic compounds. All treatments decreased the nitrogen plants' contents. Furthermore, PCE, PNE, and ENE increase the potassium content. All treatments increase the activity of peroxidase (POX) compared with untreated plants. The formulation obtained here might be an interesting alternative for integrated pest management of B. tabaci nymphs.

http://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/ Effects of Various Salts on The Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis against the Larval Instar of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, and is devoted to publication of original papers related to the interaction between insects and their environment. The goal of the journal is to advance the scientific understanding of mechanisms of toxicity. Emphasis will be placed on toxic effects observed at relevant exposures, which have direct impact on safety evaluation and risk assessment. The journal therefore welcomes papers on biology ranging from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology to ecology and environment, also systematics, microbiology, toxicology, hydrobiology, radiobiology and biotechnology. www.eajbs.eg.net

The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, and is devoted to publication of original papers related to the interaction between insects and their environment. The goal of the journal is to advance the scientific understanding of mechanisms of toxicity. Emphasis will be placed on toxic effects observed at relevant exposures, which have direct impact on safety evaluation and risk assessment. The journal therefore welcomes papers on biology ranging from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology to ecology and environment, also systematics, microbiology, toxicology, hydrobiology, radiobiology and biotechnology. www.eajbs.eg.net Provided for non-commercial research and education use.Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use. ABSTRACT Article HistoryControl management of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd) infestation has been achieved by using chemical insecticides. However, the environment-friendly methods without unwanted side effects of these chemicals are becoming very important in modern pest management strategies. Natural products including plant ethanolic extracts and essential oils are some of the alternative approaches in pest control. The essential oils were extracted and their chemical composition was identified using a GC/MS spectrometer. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of various extracts of sage and thyme plants by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) method. The obtained results revealed that concentrations at 25, 50, 100 and 200µg/ml of essential oils and ethanolic extract from both plants were more efficient in scavenging free radicals after 30 min when compared with butyl hydroxyl toluene(BHT) as synthetic standard. The concentrations 100 and 200µg/mL from ethanolic and essential oils were having higher activity than other extracts and standard .Furthermore, Sage and thyme extracts were investigated for their toxicity against cotton leafworm, S. littoralis in the laboratory, the percentages of cumulative mortality of larvae as well as the latent effects of the 4 th instar of S. littoralis four concentrations (25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/mL) were applied. It was found that ethanolic extract of two plants was more efficient than essential oils on different stages of S. littoralis. The results showed that there were highly significant differences between all treatments and control some biological aspects.