Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinico-radiological syndrome characterized by a headache, seizures, altered mental status and visual loss and characterized by white matter vasogenic edema affecting the posterior occipital and parietal lobes of the brain predominantly. This clinical syndrome is increasingly recognized due to improvement and availability of brain imaging specifically magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A 35-year-old female with the history of unsafe abortion and massive blood transfusion 10 days ago was brought to the emergency room with three episodes of generalized tonic–clonic seizures, urinary incontinence and altered sensorium since 3 hours. MRI brain showed bilateral occipital, parietal, frontal cortex and subcortical white matter T2/Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensities, suggestive of PRES. The patient improved after management with intravenous fluids, antibiotics, antiepileptics and monitoring of blood pressure. If recognized and treated early, the clinical syndrome commonly resolves within a week. PRES can be a major problem in rapid and massive blood transfusion. A high index of suspicion and prompt treatment can reduce morbidity, mortality and pave the path for early recovery.

Background: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies target red blood cells leading to marked decrease in their lifespan. The classification of AIHA is based on the immunochemical properties of the RBC autoantibody. Warm antibody AIHA (wAIHA) accounts for 75-80% of all adult AIHA cases. The treatment of wAIHA is mainly corticosteroids. Our retrospective study aimed to study the clinical profile and management of wAIHA.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinico-radiological syndrome characterized by headache, seizures, altered mental status, and visual loss, as well as white matter vasogenic edema affecting the posterior occipital and parietal lobes of the brain predominantly. This clinical syndrome is increasingly recognized due to improvement and availability of brain imaging, specifically magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A 35-year-old female with history of unsafe abortion and massive blood transfusion 10 days ago was brought to the emergency room with three episodes of generalized tonic clonic seizures, urinary incontinence and altered sensorium since 3 hours. Brain MRI showed bilateral occipital, parietal, frontal cortex and subcortical white matter T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensities, suggestive of PRES. Patient improved after management with intravenous fluids, antibiotics, antiepileptics and monitoring of blood pressure. If recognized and treated early, the clinical syndrome commonly resolves within a week. PRES can be a major problem in rapid and massive blood transfusion. High index of suspicion and prompt treatment can reduce morbidity and mortality, and pave the path for early recovery.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease, which can attack any organ of the body but mainly involves lymphoreticular system. Our case report describes isolated splenic abscess diagnosed in a 50-year-old individual who is a milk vendor by occupation and has the habit of consuming raw milk. He was admitted with pain abdomen, high-grade fever with chills, generalized malaise, night sweats and weight loss. Ultrasound and computerized tomography of the abdomen showed splenomegaly and hypodense, nonenhancing lesion measuring 3.2 × 2.8 × 2.8 cm. Brucella slide and tube agglutination tests (Wright, at 1/640) were positive. The patient was successfully treated with percutaneous drainage along with oral doxycycline (200 mg/day) and rifampin (600 mg/day) for 6 weeks. A high index of suspicion is required for early detection, prompt treatment and prevention of complications of brucellosis, especially in endemic areas. Patients with fever of unknown origin should be evaluated for brucellosis.

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a systemic inflammatory cascade affecting multiple organ systems occurring after trauma, orthopedic procedures and rarely in non-traumatic patients causing high morbidity and mortality. Fat emboli develop in many patients with bone fractures (incidence of this problem can be up to 90% in patients who have sustained major injuries), but are usually asymptomatic. A minority of patients develop signs and symptoms of organ system dysfunction due to mechanical obstruction of capillaries by fat emboli or due to fat hydrolyzing to fatty acids. A triad of lung, brain and skin involvement develops after 24 -72 hours of asymptomatic period. This symptom complex is known as FES. Fat embolism is diagnosed clinically with non-specific and insensitive diagnostic tests. Treatment of FES is supportive and in most cases can be prevented by early fixation of large bone fractures. Here we report a case of traumatic fat embolism, treated successfully with supportive management. Diagnosis of FES needs high index of suspicion and use of clinical criteria along with imaging.