These findings confirm the important role of serum albumin in assessing in-hospital health status and defining its role as a strong predictor of early and late mortality after hospital discharge. They also emphasize the effects of comorbidity and functional impairment on long-term mortality after hip fracture. Identifying these predictive factors may be helpful in improving case management during hospital stay and more accurate discharge planning.

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Hip fracture (HF) is a common event in older adults and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, reduction of quality of life and costs for the healthcare systems. The expected rise in the total number of HF worldwide, due to improvements in life expectancy, and the growing awareness of HF detrimental consequences have led to the development and implementation of models of care alternative to the traditional ones for the acute and post-acute management of HF older adults. These services were set to streamline hospital care, minimize inhospital complications, provide early discharge, improve short- and long-term functional and clinical outcomes, and reduce healthcare costs associated with hip and other fragility fractures. The main feature that distinguishes these models is the different healthcare professional that retains the responsibility and leadership during the acute and post-acute phases. This narrative review has been conceived to provide a brief description of the models implemented in the last twenty years, to describe their potential beneficial effects on the shortand long-term outcomes, and to define the strengths and limitations of these models. On the basis of available studies, it seems that the more complex and sophisticated services, characterized by a multidisciplinary approach with a co-leadership (geriatrician and orthopedic surgeon) or a geriatrician leadership demonstrated to produce better outcomes compared to the traditional or simplest models.

Persistence of secondary HPTH reduces BMD response to ALN in older women with osteoporosis.