Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with cardiac arrhythmias. Several electrocardiographic markers have been used to predict the risk of arrhythmia in patients with COVID-19. We aim to investigate the electrocardiographic (ECG) ventricular repolarization indices in patients with COVID-19. Methodology: We performed a comprehensive systematic literature search from PubMed, EuropePMC, SCOPUS, Cochrane Central Database, and Google Scholar Preprint Servers. The primary endpoints of this search were: Tp-e (T-peak-to-T-end) interval, QTd (QT dispersion), and Tp-e/QTc ratio in patients with newly diagnosed COVID-19 from inception up until August 2020. Results: There were a total of 241 patients from 2 studies. Meta-analysis showed that Tp-e/QTc ratio was higher in COVID-19 group (mean difference 0.02 [0.01, 0.02], p < 0.001; I2: 18%,). Tp-e interval was more prolonged in COVID-19 group (mean difference 7.76 [3.11, 12.41], p < 0.001; I2: 80%) compared to control group. QT dispersion (QTd) also was increased in COVID-19 group (mean difference 1.22 [0.61, 1.83], p < 0.001 ; I2:30%). Conclusions: Several electrocardiographic markers including Tp-e/QTc, Tp-e interval, and QTd are significantly increased in patients with COVID-19.

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Background:Garlic has been linked to improved cardiovascular health. Garlic has been suggested to lower blood pressure, plasma lipids as well as an antiplatelet effect and other cardiovascular markers.Objective:We aim to assess the latest evidence on the effect of garlic on blood pressure and cholesterol in patients with and without hypertension through systematic review and meta-analysis.Method:We performed a comprehensive search on topics that assesses garlic outcomes in patients with and without hypertension from inception up until December 2020.Results:There were a total of 503 patients from 12 controlled trial studies. Pooled systolic blood pressure was lower in garlic group (mean difference -3.62 [-5.43, -1.80], p = <0.000001; I2: 85%, p < 0.0001). Meta-analysis showed that diastolic blood pressure was lower in garlic group (mean difference -1.40 [-2.72, -0.08], p = <0.00001; I2: 86%, p = 0.04) on follow-up. Total cholesterol was also lower in garlic group (mean difference -17.17 [-28.57, -5.78], p < 0.00001; I2: 86%, p = 0.003). Level of heart rate was similar in garlic and placebo group.Conclusion:This meta-analysis suggests that garlic is associated with reducing blood pressure and cholesterol in patients with and without hypertension. Future long-term trials are needed to elucidate the impact of garlic on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Background By August 2022, CoronaVirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) had caused 600 million illnesses and 6.5 million fatalities globally. A massive vaccination program is being implemented worldwide to suppress this condition. Several works of literature stated that mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, specifically with the mRNA-1273 vaccine, is followed by clear evidence of the COVID arm effects associated with this vaccine. Objective To analyze the latest evidence of COVID arm as a common effect of mRNA-1273 vaccination with the ultimate goal of improving vaccine counseling to help healthcare professionals and reassure patients. Methods A comprehensive search was performed on topics that assess the COVID arm as a cutaneous manifestation following mRNA-1273 vaccination from inception up until July 2022. Results Eighteen studies with a total of 1129 participants after the first and second dose of mRNA-1273 vaccination reported that most participants had COVID arm following the first dose administration. The characteristics of the patients were a mean age of 43.8 years old, and females represented ≥ 50% in most studies, with a mean onset of 6.9 days after the first dose administration. Symptoms resolved within seven days following the treatment and were harmless. Conclusions This study found that the COVID arm condition is most common following the first mRNA-1273 vaccination in the female and middle-aged group. The correlation between demographic variables and COVID arm risk elucidates that the reaction is a type IV allergic skin reaction.

Aims We aimed to examine whether there is abnormal value of index of cardiac electrophysiological balance (iCEB=QT/QRS) in patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which can predict ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), including non-Torsades de Pointes-like ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (non-TdPs-like VT/VF) in low iCEB and Torsades de Pointes (TdPs) in high iCEB. We also investigated low voltage ECG among COVID-19 group. Methods and Results This is a cross-sectional, single center study with a total of 53 newly diagnosed COVID-19 patients (confirmed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test) and 63 age and sex-matched control subjects were included in the study. Electrocardiographic marker of iCEB were calculated manually from 12-lead ECG. Low voltage ECG defined as peak-to-peak QRS voltage less than 5 mm in all limb leads and less than 10 mm in all precordial leads. Patients with COVID-19 more often had low iCEB, defined as iCEB below 3.24 compared to control group (56.6% vs 11.1%), (OR = 10.435; 95%CI 4.015 – 27.123; p = 0.000). There were no significant association between COVID-19 and high iCEB, defined as iCEB above 5.24 (OR = 1.041; 95%CI 0.485 – 2.235; p = 0.917). There were no significant difference of the number of low voltage ECG between COVID-19 and control groups (15.1% vs 6.3%), (OR = 2.622; 95%CI 0.743 - 9.257, p = 0.123). Conclusion In this study showed that patients with COVID-19 are more likely to have low iCEB, suggesting that patients with COVID-19 may be proarrhytmic (towards non-TdPs-like VT/VF event), due to the alleged myocardial involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection.