This contribution is a follow-up to the topic of consumer behavior which is analyzed from the economic theory perspective on microeconomic as well as a macroeconomic level. The main objective of the article is to reveal the structure of college students' consumer basket determined according to disposable income and its changes. In this article, the methodology of a consumer basket was used. The division of it was done by Czech Statistical Office to calculate the inflation rate in the environment of the Czech Republic. In this article, the analysis of college students' consumer basket was done. The pressure on having a higher qualification in tertiary education is a typical trend across Europe, which is also one of strategic goals of EU Strategy 2020 and its concept. There is clear evidence of a growing segment of college students that represents a significant demand group on the product and service market. The knowledge of their consumer habits is definitely beneficial for companies regarding their competitive advantage and reaching higher incomes from the products offered. The market product consumption is dependent on the total disposable income mainly. That is fundamentally dependent on hours of paid work or other fund contributions. The current disposable income shows the differences regarding consumption expenditures of a consumer basket and its various categories. A lower disposable income is typical for flowing the highest consumer expenditures from class 1 (Food and non-alcoholic beverages) to class 4 (Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels) of a higher disposal income. If the current disposable income of college students increases, there would be higher consumption expenditures regarding classes 9, 3 and 5 (Recreation and culture; Clothing and footwear; Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance). On the contrary, a lower disposable income would mean lower expenditures regarding classes 3, 2 and 9 (Clothing and footwear; Alcoholic beverages and tobacco; Recreation and culture).
BACKGROUND: Alcohol is one of the main economic commodities, which represents a significant amount of government tax revenues and consumer spending. Alcohol is associated with health, economic and social impacts on people´s lives. The task of national governments is not only to address the effects of alcohol but also to address the causes that help eliminate alcohol dependence. Tools that governments can use include price policy through alcohol taxation rates (excise duties, VAT), reduce accessibility to purchase alcohol beverages, raising awareness of the harmful effects of drinking for driving or among teenagers, etc. AIM: The main goal of the research was to examine dependencies between the amount of alcohol consumption and VAT rate for alcohol in
EU and the Czech Republic as well as are suffering from high unemployment rates of graduates in the past five years.This is partly a consequence of the economic crisis that has hit Europe since 2008. This paper analysed noncyclic factors, which had an impact on the increase in youth unemployment in the Czech Republic and compared the results with strategic objectives of EU employment and training for the labour market (targets EU 2020). Primary research among students of Faculty of Management and Economics, Tomas Bata University in Zlín in the years 2011-2014 found a weak focus in the choice of professions. The research used the classification system of professions according to Roe because of CZ-ISCO has proved to be unsatisfactory for this purpose. Student preferences in choosing the professions largely do not match the structure of the Czech economy. Research, on the other hand, confirmed the prevailing educational aspirations of students at the bachelor level of the tertiary education. This is important to fulfilling the target that 40% of the population aged 30-34 years successfully finish tertiary education till 2020. Lengthening the period of economic inactivity of students before entering the labour market in the borders of 26 years will bring increased demand for funding from relatives. Higher investment required from the students' families may limit their support if they do not see adequate growth of wages in the labor market for university graduates. The labor market is becoming increasingly complex, which provides the background for asymmetric information in a significant proportion of the population. There are two types of asymmetric information: hidden knowledge about attributes and hidden knowledge about action. Tools to remove both types of asymmetric information on the labor market should be more involved in the education system. It is also a way to delegate at least part of the transaction costs of obtaining relevant information about the labor market away from the students and their parents (funding students) to the State.
The development of export from Ukraine to V4 countries is investigated using the software GRETL and log-log linear model. It is discovered that Ukraine's export operations are impacted by export to other trade partners and GDP per capita of the country. The strongest positive link to Ukraine export from V4 group is represented by Poland. It is identifi ed that, when the GDP per capita of the concerned country goes up, the export to that country declines. It is also revealed that there is a substantial difference with respect to export of agricultural commodities from Ukraine to the above-mentioned countries. To a signifi cant extent, Ukraine's export is oriented towards plant products.Ukraine should elaborate a well-defi ned trade strategy and extend its current export activities with V4 countries. It should be more deeply integrated into the EU's market for using more effi ciently possibilities, which exist in the frame of the signed Ukraine-European Union Association Agreement.
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