A novel, three-step method of trifluoromethylation of azines via oxidative nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen in the heteroaromatic ring by a CF3- carbanion is presented. The key reaction of this process is the addition of the CF3- carbanion, generated by treatment of Me3SiCF3 with KF(s) and Ph3SnF catalyst, to N-alkylazinium salts. The resulting dihydroazines containing a trifluoromethyl group are relatively stable compounds and can be isolated in a pure form. Deprotection of the N-p-methoxybenzyl substituent and aromatization of the heterocyclic ring upon treatment with CAN provides azines with a CF3 group in the ring position originally occupied by hydrogen. The whole process can be thus considered as a nucleophilic oxidative displacement of hydrogen by a CF3- carbanion.

Practical acylation of unprotected tartaric acid 1 by acyl chlorides to the corresponding monoacyltartaric acids 2 has been shown. Several unusual cases in the acylation of 1 are observed; it has been found that two routes of acylation are possible. In the benzoylation of 1, in addition to the expected products, the formation of a previously undescribed monobenzoyltartaric anhydride 7a is reported. An unusual DME cleavage during the course of acylation was also observed.

Depressive disorders of antenatal and postnatal period are diagnostic challenge, as well as increasingly frequent social problem. Incidence of antenatal depression varies from 10% to 16%. Around one third of all postpartum depression cases has its beginning during the antenatal period. From the beginning of 2019, Ministry of Health’s regulations specified for the first time the recommendation to perform screening of depressive symptoms - twice during the pregnancy and once during the perinatal period, defined as the first six weeks after the delivery. Therefore the review of current studies in the subject of mental health issues during pregnancy was conducted in order to establish possible risk factors.

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