The article evaluates the influence of a wide range of socio-demographic, job and company-related characteristics on the likelihood of low earnings by applying logistic regression on a broad range of Labour Force Survey data. We evidenced that the average impact of the company-related characteristics is three times stronger than the impact of personal characteristics. We also found that working full-time considerably decreases this risk of low wages, but company-related and personal characteristics (except for the kind of company’s economic activity) have not provided a rent (benefit) from working full-time. The underlying conclusion is that reforms decreasing the size of the low-wage sector in the former transition countries should be focused on targeted employment programmes enhancing transitions to more profitable economic activities instead of possibly maintaining the unprofitable industries at all costs. Additionally, the reforms should be concentrated on introducing employment regulations to harmonise the rules of employment among all contract types, which would put the part-timers and the underemployed on a more equal footing with fulltime workers especially in terms of pension schemes and access to training.
W artykule przedstawiono rozwój metod ewaluacji programów zatrudnienia w kontekście badań w Polsce. Wraz z ewolucją roli aktywnej polityki rynku pracy, nakierowanej coraz częściej również na realizację innych celów niż tylko podjęcie zatrudnienia, konieczne stało się zmodyfikowanie dotychczas stosowanego podejścia do ewaluacji. Po pierwsze, znacznie rozszerzono katalog analizowanych efektów programów. Po drugie, do badań ewaluacyjnych polityki rynku pracy wprowadzono podejście dynamiczne. Po trzecie, w tym czasie wzrosła również wiedza na temat czynników, które współdeterminują udział i efekty podjętej interwencji. W badaniach efektów przyczynowych zaczęto uwzględniać znacznie szerszy zestaw zmiennych, opisujących nie tylko konkretny epizod bezrobocia badanej jednostki i jej cechy społeczno‑demograficzne, ale również dokładny przebieg kariery. W Polsce najważniejszym wyzwaniem staje się podjęcie bardziej pogłębionych badań efektów przyczynowych aktywnej polityki rynku pracy.
Extending the economic activity of the elderly is now an important development
challenge, especially given the shrinking and ageing of the population and
increasing risk to the stability of the pension system. Activation of the elderly
unemployed and retaining them in employment is a key priority of labour market
policy. The article attempts to analyze the causes of older people’s difficulties
in the labour market, reviews active labour market programs targeted to the
elderly unemployed while pointing out their pros and cons. The paper suggests
that in case of the elderly unemployed activation there should be complex and
individually based approach. It is also recommended to use non‑standard and
innovative measures at the stage of diagnosis, participation in programs and after
getting employment.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.