The advancements in fodder maize cultivation practices over the past few years, has paved a change in the makeup of weed associations. This made it necessary to incorporate new, effective herbicides in the struggle against maize's primary weeds. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Research Farm, AICRP on Forage Crops, Department of Agronomy, JNKVV, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) during Kharif season 2019 to devise an appropriate combination of herbicides required for the control of the complex weed diversity in fodder maize. The field experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with ten treatments (eight herbicidal combinations along with hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS and a weedy check) and replicated thrice. Observations were recorded on the weed parameters and fodder yield of maize. Among monocots, the experimental field was infested with Echinochloa colona, Commelina communis and Digitaria sanguinalis. Phyllanthus niruri and Eclipta alba were dominated among dicots. Among all herbicidal treatment, topramezone 35 g/ha plus atrazine 250 g/ha was found to be significantly superior in reducing total weed density (9.49/m2,  11.50/m2) and total weed dry weight (6.43 g/m2, 7.91 g/m2) at 30 and 45 DAS, respectively and recorded the lowest weed index (1.82%). Also, the maximum green fodder yield (472.68 q/ha) was recorded in topramazone 35 g/ha + atrazine 250 g/ha compared to other treatments. Overall, this study indicated that the combination of topramazone 35 g/ha + atrazine 250 g/ha could be an alternative approach to hand weeding and alone herbicides in fodder maize.

A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm, AICRP on Forage Crops, Department of Agronomy, JNKVV, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) during of the year 2019. The main objective of the experiment was to find out the effect of different weed control treatments on complex weed flora in fodder maize. Ten treatments were tested in randomized block design with three replications. Treatments consisted of pre-emergence application of atrazine 1000 g/ha, pendimethalin 750 g/ha, atrazine 750 g/ha + pendimethalin 750 g/ha and post emergence application of 2, 4-D 500 g/ha, tembotrione 120 g/ha, topramezone 35 g/ha, tembotrione 120 g/ha + atrazine 250 g/ha, topramezone 35 g/ha + atrazine 250 g/ha, hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS and weedy check. Weed intensity and dry matter accumulation by weeds were recorded species wise and then the effectiveness of weed management and the weed control efficiency were calculated. In maize field, the predominated weeds were Echinochloa colona, Commelina communis, and Digitaria sanguinalis among monocots, Phyllanthus niruri and Eclipta alba among dicots along with a respectable sum of numerous minor weeds. Experimental results indicated that hand wedding has recorded highest weed control efficiency (88.64%) followed by PoE application of topramezone 35 g/ha + atrazine 250 g/ha (74.38%) and tembotrione 120 g/ha + atrazine 250 g/ha (68.31%). All weed control treatments significantly affected the plant height, LAI, stem girth and leaf: stem ratio of crop. Among different herbicidal treatments, topramezone 35 g/ha + atrazine 250 g/ha was found significantly superior and gives highest green fodder yield (47.26 t/ha), dry fodder yield (13.64 t/ha), crude protein yield (1.51 t/ha), net monetary returns (Rs. 44824/ha) and B: C ratio (2.72). Thus, herbicide application of topramezone 35 g/ha + atrazine 250 g/ha was found more reliable to control complex weed flora of fodder maize with higher green fodder yield and net returns.

Background: The acceptance for PPIUCD in our country, especially in rural areas is very low despite all the efforts. Counselling during the antenatal visits may play a vital role in improving the acceptance of PPIUCD. Objective of this study was to assess the factors associated with the acceptability of immediate PPIUCD insertion in women; counselled during antenatal and postpartum period; according to their sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, and future pregnancy desires.Methods: One-year prospective study carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, S. S. Medical College Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India. a total of 4850 women were counselled for PPIUCD insertion; 2540 during their antenatal visits, and 2310 during postpartum period who visited in study centre for first time and their follow up was done. Chi square tests were applied to compare proportions.Results: After antenatal counselling in 2540 women, (with multiple counselling sessions) about half of the women gave verbal acceptance for PPIUCD. However, during postpartum counselling in 2310 women, (where only single short session of counselling could be done) majority of the women declined (80.9%) for PPIUCD insertion with only about a fifth (19.1%) of the women giving verbal acceptance. Women who had antenatal counselling one third of them had PPIUCD insertion. In the postpartum counselling group, a meagre 15.1% women had PPIUCD insertion.Conclusions: Counselling during antenatal and postpartum period is the key to improve the awareness and acceptance of PPIUCD in our community. Multiple counselling sessions during antenatal visits make it easier for the women to slowly understand the process and accept PPIUCD as compared to the short counseling during postpartum period.

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