Science diplomacy (SD) has recently gained unprecedented attention as a subject of both an academic enquiry and political discourse. Thus, states employ many efforts to conceptualise and implement their science diplomacy strategies. To date, the most advanced in this regard are the rich industrialized countries slowly followed by others, e.g., Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries like Poland. While science diplomacy of selected states is debated among practitioners and analysed empirically, these efforts do not include CEE countries. In this article we present the regulatory, institutional and operational frameworks of Polish science diplomacy. The opinions of SD stakeholders obtained in a series of interviews supplement the findings and give a wider perspective on the challenges Polish science diplomacy is facing. We argue that although a universal model of science diplomacy does not exist, states such as Poland may profit from the experience of more advanced systems. We also claim that Polish science diplomacy is currently significantly conditioned by the domestic political situation. This negatively impacts continuity and coordination in strategic programming and implementation of SD. The case of Poland is compared with two other countries-France and the Czech Republic.

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The aim of the article is to analyse the essence and specificity of the European Union’s (EU) science diplomacy during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this aim, approaches in defining the concept of science diplomacy and its genesis have been analysed; an attempt has been made to define the specificity of the EU science diplomacy, and the analysis has been conducted of the EU’s actions during the COVID-19 pandemic that fall within the defining scope of science diplomacy. The article refers to the concept of strategic autonomy of the EU as a broader political formula, of which science diplomacy should be a part. The author also formulates directions for changes that will clarify the place and role of EU science diplomacy in the future. Primary sources (normative acts, policy documents), and available scholar literature and reports on science diplomacy and international scientific cooperation were used for the analysis. The list of activities implemented by the EU during the COVID-19 pandemic was created, dividing them according to the criterion of types of science diplomacy and the direction of impact. This allows us to conclude that EU science diplomacy is a set of activities that support and complement the activities of the Member States, as well as coordination activities in those areas, where the community response creates added value. This is important to determine the further development of EU science diplomacy and prepare the organization for future crises requiring a supranational response using scientific cooperation and expertise in the decision-making process.

Celem artykułu jest próba stworzenia autorskiej propozycji pojęcia dyplomacji dla nauki i dostosowania siatki pojęciowej do zmieniającej się rzeczywistości międzynarodowej Odwołując się do wytycznych teorii poznania i logiki formalnej w ujęciu T Kotarbińskiego, zidentyfikowane będą komponenty treści i przedmiot pojęcia, takie jak podmioty inicjujące, adresaci, cel i instrumenty działań w ramach dyplomacji dla nauki Słowa kluczowe: dyplomacja naukowa; dyplomacja dla nauki; teoria poznania; logika formalna