BACKGROUND There has been an increase in cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in recent years. There is also greater access and availability of immunosuppressive and biological agents, which increase the risk of opportunistic infection despite improving the quality of life and promoting mucosal healing. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem, and it has a high incidence in several countries. Therefore, knowledge of the risk of developing TB in patients with IBD is important. AIM To evaluate the risk of active TB in patients with IBD under treatment from an endemic area in Latin America. METHODS A standard questionnaire included demographic variables, clinical aspects of IBD disease, history of active TB during treatment, active TB characteristics and evolution, initial screening and results and time from the start of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) to TB development. RESULTS Azathioprine, anti-TNFα and the combination of these two drugs were associated with a higher risk of active TB incidence. The TNFα blockers increased the relative risk of developing active TB compared to other treatments. All four multivariable models showed that the use of TNFα blockers alone or in combination with azathioprine was an important risk factor for the incidence of active TB. After adjustment for sex, age, type of IBD and latent TB, anti-TNFα with azathioprine increased the relative risk to 17.8 times more than conventional treatment. Late TB, which was diagnosed 3 mo after the start of anti-TNFα, was the most frequent. CONCLUSION Treatment with anti-TNFα increased the risk of active TB in IBD patients from an endemic area in Latin America. This risk was increased when anti-TNFα was combined with azathioprine. The time from the beginning of the treatment to the active TB diagnosis suggests a new TB infection.

Background/Aims. Identify the degree of adherence to drug therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases followed up at a referral center in Bahia-Brazil. Methods. Observational, analytical, and cross-sectional studies carried out from June/2017 to July/2018, with questionnaire application and medical record review at a referral center in inflammatory bowel diseases in Salvador, Bahia. The Morisky Green Levine Scale was applied to assess adherence. Mean, standard deviation, and frequency analyses were performed using the statistical package SPSS, and chi-square was used to evaluate the association between categorical variables and adherence degree to treatment. Significant associations were considered with p<0.05. Results. 302 patients with inflammatory bowel diseases were included. Nonadherence was highlighted in the sample. Most part of the study population was female, declared themselves to be mixed race, claimed to be from urban areas, and married. Nonadherence was more frequent than adherence in most sociodemographic variables of the present study. Nonadherence also stood out among the clinical variables, such as disease activity, drug side effect, and use of more than two additional medications. The association between all studied variables and adherence degree to treatment, considering the general sample, did not show statistical significance. When Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients were evaluated separately, a statistically significant association between nonadherence and female patients with ulcerative colitis was observed. Conclusions. The high frequency of nonadherence was observed in the studied sample. Female gender was associated to nonadherence in the subpopulation with ulcerative colitis.

Instituição: SSP INTRODUÇÃO: Dentre o arsenal terapêutico das doenças inflamatórias intestinais(DII), temos a terapia biológica e, dentre, estes, os anti-TNF, como infliximabe (IFX) e adalimumabe (ADA). OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil dos pacientes com doença inflamatória intestinal em uso de terapia biológica em uma unidade hospitalar pública. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal de julho/2015 a agosto/2016, com entrevista de pacientes e revisão de prontuários, em centro de referência de DII em Salvador, Bahia, com análise dos dados com uso do programa SPSS, versão 21.0 RESULTADOS: 306 pacientes com DII -11,4% (35) em uso de biológicos. Destes, 54,3% (19) usavam IFX e 45,7% (16) ADA. Dos 19 pacientes em uso de IFX, 57,9% (11) eram do sexo feminino e 42,1% (8) do sexo masculino; 94,7% (18) com Doença de Crohn (DC) e 5,3% (1) Retocolite Ulcerativa (RCU). Segundo o Índice Harvey-Bradshow, 72,2% (13) dos portadores de DC estavam com doença em remissão, 22,2% (4) leve-moderada, 5,5% (1) moderada-grave; a 5,5% (1) foi diagnosticado com menos de 16 anos, 72,2% (13) entre 17 e 40 anos e 22,2% (4) com mais de 40 anos; 11,1% (2) com acometimento ileal, 38,9% (7) colônica e 44,4% (8) ileocolônica; 27,8% (5) com forma inflamatória, 11,1% (2) estenosante e 61,1% (11) penetrante; apenas 5,5% (N=1) apresentou acometimento do TGI superior e 61,1% (11) com doença perianal associada; O único paciente com RCU, segundo o Índice Lichtiger, estava em remissão e apresentava colite extensa. Dentre os 16 pacientes em uso de ADA, 56,2% (9) do sexo feminino e 43,8% (7) do sexo masculino; 100% (16) com DC. Segundo o Índice Harvey-Bradshow, 62,5% (10) encontravamse em remissão, 18,75% (3) e leve a moderada, 12,5% (2) em moderada a grave; 25% (4) diagnosticados até os 16 anos, 62,5% (N=10) entre 17-40 e 12,5% (2) com mais de 40 anos; de acordo com a localização, 31,25% (5) tiveram localização ileal, 25% (4) colônica e 37,5% (6) ileocolônica; em relação ao comportamento, 43,7% (7) apresentaram a forma inflamatória, 43,7% (7) estenosante e 12,5% (2) penetrante; nenhum paciente apresentou acometimento do TGI superior; 43,7% (7) apresentaram doença perianal. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de IFX e ADA foi predominante em pacientes do sexo feminino, com DC ileocolônica em remissão, sendo a maioria diagnosticada entre 17 e 40 anos. A forma penetrante da doença é a mais predominante naqueles em uso de IFX e a que menos ocorreu naqueles em uso de ADA. ABCDExpress 2017;1(2):1088Codigo: 64244 Acesso está disponível em www.revistaabcd.com.br e www.sbad2017.com.br Acesso pelo