HE INTRODUCTION OF MORE EFfective treatments for childhood cancer has dramatically improved survival rates, implying that childhood cancer survivors comprise a rapidly growing group of young adults. 1,2 Unfortunately, improved prognosis has been accompanied by the occurrence of late, treatment-related complications such as second neoplasms, organ dysfunction, and psychosocial and cognitive problems. 3,4 Late treatment sequelae will increase the incidence of chronic diseases in survivors and ultimately re-For editorial comment see p 2762.

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Few studies have found any benefits on patient outcomes, though many of these have been too small in sample size or too short in time to reveal clinically important effects. There is significant evidence that CDSS can positively impact healthcare providers' performance with drug ordering and preventive care reminder systems as most clear examples. These outcomes may be explained by the fact that these types of CDSS require a minimum of patient data that are largely available before the advice is (to be) generated: at the time clinicians make the decisions.