We investigated how organisational identification (OID) mediates the influences of psychological contract breach (PCB) on two work outcomes [organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and counterproductive work behaviour (CWB)], and how Islamic work ethics (IWE) moderated the PCB–OID relationship. We collected data from 256 Palestinian managers in Gaza Strip ministries using a self-report questionnaire; we employed Structural Equation Modelling in analysing the data using Smart PLS. Our findings reveal that OID mediates between PCB and the two work outcomes. Further, we show that IWE has no moderating influence on the PCB–OID relationship. Finally, the influence of PCB on the two work outcomes is insignificant.

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The extant literature suggests that firms could gain and sustain competitive advantage using competitive intelligence. Competitive intelligence is a tool that keeps firms abreast of changes in market preferences, technology, competition, and social and strategic positionings. However, despite the fairly-developed corpus on the link between competitive intelligence and competitive advantage, the literature seems short on treating this relationship within the banking sector of the Arab world. Drawing on the resource-based view (RBV) and knowledgebased view (KBV) frameworks, this paper advances competitive intelligence as a correlate of competitive advantage in the Iraqi banking industry. Four hypotheses were advanced, and methods were suggested for collecting data (through the appropriate instruments) and testing the hypotheses. The result may provide a starting point or motivation for further research in this direction.