There is a serious public health concern of the use of antibiotics sub-therapeutically and/or as growth promoter in poultry feed and water. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternatives. Moringa oleifera is a phytobiotic, which has been reported to possess antimicrobial and immuno-modulatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aqueous M. oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) supplementation on growth performance and hematological indices of broiler chickens. The 36 day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly divided into three dietary groups (group A, B and C) having 12 birds in each. The group A was considered as negative control which had received the basal diet and fresh drinking water. The group B was fed with basal diet and antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin) plus Vitamin B-complex mixed drinking water(Positive control). The group C was fed with basal diet and drinking water supplemented with 1% MOLE. Body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratios of the birds were recorded on weekly basis. On day 35th of the feeding trail, blood samples from five birds per replicate were used for the study of hematological indices. Birds under Group C attained intermediate body weight (1892 g) and best FCR (1.48) those were comparable with that of Group B but better (p<0.05) than those of Group A. There was a trend of decrease (p>0.05) internal organs weight in Group C compared to other groups. However, zero mortality rate and similar hematological indices were observed in the birds across the treatments. Here, the results suggested that, the aqueous MOLE can be included in the drinking water of broiler chicken for reduced feed intake and improved feed conversion efficiency and it can be considered as an alternate to synthetic antibiotics as growth promoter to fight the emergence of antibiotic resistance phenomena in poultry industry.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(2): 266-270, August 2018

Street food vending has become an important public health issue and a great concern to everybody. This is due to widespread food borne diseases, due to the mushrooming of wayside food vendors who lack an adequate understanding of the basic food safety issues. Major sources contributing to microbial contamination are the place of preparation, utensils for cooking and serving, raw materials, time and temperature abuse of cooked foods and the personal hygiene of vendors. The objective of the study was to explore the microbiological quality of different street food; Chotpoti, Chanachur, Amra (Spondias mombin) and Jolpai (Elaeocarpus serratus (Veralu / Ceylon Olive) sold by various street vendor at Khulna city, Bangladesh. A total of 20 samples were collected randomly from street vendors and tested for the presence of bacteria following standard microbiological method used for isolation, enumaration and identification of bacreria. All the examined samples were contaminated by various types of bacteria. The total viable count (TVC) in different street food samples was ranged from 9.6 x 10 CFU/g to 5.9x10 CFU/g. Among samples Escherichia coli 8(40%), Staphylococcus spp. 5(25%), Klebsiella spp. 4(20%), Salmonella spp. 1(5%) and Shigella spp. 2 (10%) were isolated. Escherichia coli were found highest 3(50%) Jolpai samples, then another organisms Staphylococcus spp. was found highest 2(50%) in Chotpoti and then Klebsiella spp. was found one in each sample. Therefore, application of sound risk analysis policies is being advocated to provide a scientific base to the host of risk management option which Bangladesh may need to explore to ensure public health and safety. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(2), 65-70

The effects that Neem leaf extract on overall growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), dressed weight and organs weight of broiler chickens to justify its inclusion in the diet of growing broiler chickens. 120 day old chicks divided into four treatment groups T1, T2, T3 and T4 of thirty (30) birds each were administered clean drinking water with 3gm, 4gm, 5gm and 0g neem extract respectively. Impacts of neem extract treatments on growth indices suggested that Neem extract favored growth with final body weight range of 1709gm and 1763gm. Organ weights showed no deviation from standard values for healthy broiler birds. Highest growth was observed in group T3 (1763.6±141.37gm) followed by T1, T2 and lowest was in T4 group (1565.4±161.25gm). Birds on 5gm of Neem extract in their drinking water out performed birds in other treatments in assessed growth rate indices. We therefore conclude that 5gm of Neem extract in their drinking water growing broiler birds encourages healthy growth and may serve as supplements for antibiotics, especially when birds are raised in areas with minimal access to veterinary service. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2021, 7(1): 64-68