: Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe renal comorbidity associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a complex autoimmune disorder with high morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis and monitoring of LN patients still rely on renal biopsy, a procedure that exposes patients to a variety of risks and is not capable of providing longitudinally information about disease prognosis. In this review, we summarized current data of recent promising biomarkers developed in the precision medicine era, particularly under genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic techniques. Genome-wide association-studies have been evaluating the role of endogenous elements beyond the autoimmunity in LN. Transcriptomic methods, including single-cell sequencing, are potential tools in identifying inflammatory signatures, miRNAs and gene expression. Proteomic measures, including anti-C1q antibodies, cytokines, TLRs, VCAM-1, NGAL osteopontin, angiostatin, have been considered helpful to provide a more profound comprehension of the disease pathogenic processes. Metabolomic approaches may identify several abnormal metabolites profiles related with the impairment of cellular functions. Together, these accurate, non-invasive and moderate-cost propedeutic resources may be the novel tools for recognizing, distinguishing and predicting LN progression and prognosis. Furthermore, omics evaluation may also predict responsiveness to treatment and, consequently, change the way we manage LN cases in the near future.

Background: The knowledge of the epidemiological profile of the elderly population in areas of high socioeconomic vulnerability is essential for the diagnosis and the efficacy of care. Objective: This article aims to identify priorities for future interventions in small communities through one day evaluation of several measures of the elderly, such as blood pressure, capillary glycemia, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), calf circumference and "get up and go" test, to obtain these patients' risk of falling. From this, we intend to suggest a method that could be used in future similar events. Method: A cross-sectional evaluation was performed at FEMAM with the population over 65 years. The following variables were measured: age, vaccination status, smoking, alcoholism, height, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, waist circumference, calf circumference, and the "get up and go" test. Results: 46 elderly people took part in the activity. The mean value of systolic BP was 141.5±22.4 mmHg. The mean BMI and abdominal circumferences were 27.1±4.4 kg/ m² and 93±11cm, respectively. 18 patients were smokers or former smokers (39.1%) and alcohol abuse was reported in 16 patients (37.2%). The average time in the "get up and go" test was 14.1±4.3 seconds. Conclusion: This intervention has been considered an efficient method to determine the prevalence of risk factors for falling and cardiovascular outcomes. Thus, with the accomplishment of this joint effort, it was possible to get a better knowledge of the elderly of the community and their comorbidities. The results suggest that it is still necessary to carry out similar actions with a larger sample of elderly to validate our findings.