No abstract

The antimony sulphide (AnS) solar cell is a relatively new photovoltaic technology. Because of its attractive material, optical, and electrical qualities, Sb2Se3 is an excellent absorption layer in solar cells, with a conversion efficiency of less than 8%. The purpose of this research is to determine the best parameter for increasing solar cell efficiency. This research focused on the influence of absorber layer defect density and the n/i interface on the performance of antimony trisulfide solar cells. The researchers designed the absorber thickness values with the help of the SCAPS-1D (Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator-1D) simulation programme. For this purpose, they designed the ZnS/Sb2Se3/PEDOT: PSS planar p-i-n structure, and then simulated its performance. This result confirms a Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) of ≥25% at an absorber layer thickness of >300 nm and a defect density of 1014 cm−3, which were within the acceptable range. In this experiment, the researchers hypothesised that the antimony triselenide conduction band possessed a typical energy of ≈0.1 eV and an energetic defect level of ≈0.6 eV. At the n/i interface, every condition generated a similar result. However, the researchers noted a few limitations regarding the relationship between the defect mechanism and the device performance.

No abstract

The application of wind turbine technology in low wind speed regions such as Southeast Asia has recently attracted increased attention. Wind turbines are designed as special structures with low starting torque, and many starting torque minimization processes exist for permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs). Plurality is applied to decrease the starting torque in radial flux permanent magnet disk generators. The most popular starting torque minimization method uses a magnet skew technique. When used at 20°, this technique reduced starting torque by 4.72% (on load) under 500 rpm at 50 Hz for 120 min. By contrast, a PMSG with magnet skew conditions set at under 2° reduced electrical power by 3.86%. For high-speed PMSGs, magnet skew techniques affect the generation of heat in the coils (stator), with heat decrease at the middle of the coil, on its surface and between the coils at 2.90%, 3.10% and 2.40%, respectively. PMSGs were installed in vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs), and heat generation in relation to wind speed and electrical power was assessed. Magnet skew techniques can be used in PMSGs to reduce staring torque, while skew techniques also reduce electrical power and heat generated at the stator.

Activated carbon from coconut shells is a low-cost, environmentally friendly material that is available for fabricating the electrodes for electric double-layer capacitance supercapacitors. As such, activated carbon derived from coconut shells was coated with Co3O4/CeO2, and its electrical and ionic conductivity were evaluated. The ternary technique for selecting materials was systematically investigated with an economical process. The Co3O4/CeO2 coating that was formed on the activated carbon coconut shells was deemed AC-Co3O4-CeO2. The 90-05-05 composite was the best electrode for electric double-layer capacitance supercapacitors, resulting in high conductivity (0.62 x 103 S·cm2), low series resistance and internal resistance (based on the Nyquist plot), and the charge-discharge was able to reach 0.56 V for 90 seconds (1A/g). Therefore, activated carbon coconut shells coated in Co3O4/CeO2 can promote the necessary characteristics of electrodes needed for electric double-layer capacitance supercapacitors.