This study aimed to synthesize evidence regarding the association between interpregnancy weight change (IPWC) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the subsequent pregnancy. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from inception to May 10, 2020. This review included studies that reported the association between IPWC and GDM in the subsequent pregnancy without restriction on study design, IPWC classification, or parity. The "no weight change" interpregnancy category was defined by each study, and data were synthesized to analyze the risk of GDM according to weight change. Results: Thirteen observational studies were included. A higher risk of GDM in the subsequent pregnancy when there was interpregnancy weight gain (odds ratio [OR] = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.30-1.83; I 2 = 82.30%) was found. However, interpregnancy weight loss was associated with lower risk of GDM in the subsequent pregnancy (OR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.68-0.98; I 2 = 58.10%), but the decrease in the risk of GDM in the subsequent pregnancy was greater among women with pregestational BMI higher than 25 kg/m 2 (OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.39-0.77; I 2 = 0.00%). Conclusions: The risk of GDM in the subsequent pregnancy increases with interpregnancy weight gain, whereas it decreases with interpregnancy weight loss.

Maternity and pregnancy involve significant biopsychosocial changes in the lives of women. These changes determine their experience of motherhood and can be a crucial aspect in the choice of parenting style. Women require a source of knowledge and support that goes beyond the technical, clinical environment, led by qualified nurses for holistic and humanized care. The objective of this study is to identify women’s beliefs, expectations, and experiences of their motherhood and its different stages, and their perception of the care they receive, in order to enhance effective management of their new role at a health and social level. A phenomenological qualitative study using thematic analysis will be used, within the theoretical framework provided by the Social Cognitive Theory and the influence of gender. The sample size will be defined by the sampling saturation criterion and should include rural and urban women, with different socioeconomic status. The information will be collected with semi-structured interviews that will be analyzed based on the codification of the texts in three levels and the subsequent triangulation of the results. The biopsychosocial aspects involved in motherhood make it a complex process, with women as the main player. Therefore, mothers’ opinions on the barriers and enablers they encounter in their environment are essential to place them at the center of the process. In addition, knowing the perceptions of women could help improve the work of nurses, having impacts on the humanization of health care and responding to women’s needs during their motherhood.

Resumo. Introducción: Las mujeres afrontan la maternidad como un reto al que deben adaptarse para conseguir el mejor estado de salud posible para ellas y sus hijos en un ambiente sanitario altamente medicalizado y dentro de una sociedad que establece un ideal de maternidad que condiciona sus experiencias sin tener en cuenta sus expectativas. Objetivos: conocer las expectativas que tienen las mujeres a cerca de la maternidad y la lactancia y la importancia de una aproximación cualitativa que permita conocer su realidad y mejorar la atención sociosanitaria que reciben. Métodos: Se realizará una aproximación fenomenológica con entrevistas semiestructuradas para la recopilación de datos analizados por triangulación a través de un análisis temático con el software Atlas.Ti 8.3. Discusión: Parece necesario considerar la investigación cualitativa como la forma adecuada de aproximación para conocer aquellos aspectos que las mujeres consideren más importantes respecto a su maternidad. Conclusiones: La investigación cualitativa nos aporta el conocimiento científico adecuado que pueda dar soporte a las necesidades sociosanitarias de las mujeres durante su maternidad, situando a las mismas en el centro del proceso, para devolverle el protagonismo de una experiencia tan personal.

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