No abstract

No abstract

BackgroundPatients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) tend to have higher mortality rates and reduced physical activity (PA). We aimed to evaluate the effect of PA on mortality in older adults with specific CVD.MethodsWe enrolled 68,223 participants (n = 23,871 with CVD, n = 44,352 without CVD) aged ≥65 years with available physical activity data between 2005 and 2012 from the Korean National Health Insurance Service of Korea-Senior database. CVD was defined as a history of ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and peripheral artery disease.ResultsPatients with CVD were older than those without CVD. Compared with the sedentary group, the physically active groups with and without CVD had a lower incidence and risk of all-cause death during a median follow up period of 42 (interquartile range 30–51) months. A 500 metabolic equivalent task-min/week increase in PA resulted in an 11% and 16% reduction in the risk of mortality in the non-CVD and CVD groups, respectively. With regard to specific CVDs, the risk of mortality progressively reduced with increasing PA in patients with heart failure or myocardial infarction. However, the reduction reached a plateau in patients with stroke or peripheral artery disease, but was significantly greater in patients with stroke (20% vs. without stoke, 11%, Pint = 0.006) or heart failure (13% vs. without heart failure, 11%; Pint = 0.045)ConclusionsPA was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality in older adults with and without CVD. The benefits of PA in patients with CVD, especially patients with stroke or heart failure, were greater than those without.

Due to the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic and various restrictions, peoples' leisure activity patterns significantly change. Thus, it is necessary to understand how people's travel and leisure behaviors have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is still a lack of empirical evidence on how individuals' COVID-19 risk perception influences their leisure destination choice behavior. This empirical study aims to confirm the relationship between risk perception of COVID-19 and choice of leisure destination and to explore any differences between them related to demographic characteristics. A total of 537 valid samples were used for SUR model analysis by conducting an online survey targeting citizens of the Seoul metropolitan area, Korea. Our findings show that the risk perception of COVID-19 has a significant effect on the choice of leisure places. In particular, the risk perception of COVID-19 has a positive effect on the choice of natural places, disinfected areas, and socially distanced spaces while negatively influencing the choice of crowded leisure places. In addition, age and gender are more effective factors than other control variables in COVID-19 risk perception and leisure destination choices. Furthermore, this study also provides several implications for urban leisure place planners and service providers to respond to the changing leisure activity patterns caused by

No abstract