Crustal deformation of SE Korea caused by back-arc opening of the East Sea (Sea of Japan) commenced locally in the Late Oligocene. Intense deformation occurred during the Early Miocene, accompanying extension of parallelogram-shaped pull-apart basins between NNW-striking principal displacement zones, clockwise rotation and northwestward tilting of blocks, and southwestward propagating rifting. At about 17 Ma, the crustal deformation suddenly expanded westward and northward owing to activation of the Yeonil Tectonic Line, resulting in a dramatic change of depositional environment and the subsidence of wedge-shaped pull-apart basins. The Yeonil Tectonic Line and western border faults of the Pohang Basin are the westernmost limit of the Miocene crustal deformation. All the features of crustal deformation in SE Korea support the pull-apart model for the East Sea opening. However, they indicate that the NNW-striking faults such as the Yeonil Tectonic Line acted as the principal displacement zones rather than the NNE-striking Yangsan Fault under a consistent dextral simple shear. At about 16 Ma, the collision of the Philippine Sea Plate with the Japanese Islands caused a tectonic inversion. This inversion resulted in a compositional change of basaltic magma at about 15 Ma and crustal uplift in SE Korea, which caused the cessation of sedimentation at about 10 Ma.

The Gojusan fan delta is a coarse‐grained delta complex on the western margin of the Miocene Pohang Basin, SE Korea. The deposits consist of five facies associations (FA): alluvial‐fan conglomerates (FA I), shallow‐marine mouth‐bar sandstones (FA II), fluvial and mouth‐bar conglomerates (FA III), Gilbert‐type foreset conglomerates (FA IV) and hemipelagic mudstones (FA V). Different facies associations characterize the northern, central and southern parts of the delta complex. To the north, FA IV is laterally juxtaposed with FA I or the basement, with scarp‐derived breccias along the contact. Centrally, and to the south, FA I is laterally juxtaposed with FA II, with an abrupt facies change and local inliers of basement rocks along the contact. Early alluvial fan and mouth‐bar deposits are overlain by the topset (FA III) and truncated by the foreset (FA IV) of a Gilbert‐type delta in the central part of the fan delta complex, whereas FA II passes transitionally upward into FA III in the south, with the latter extending basinward into a gently inclined shoal water delta front. Gilbert‐type and shoal‐water geometries are therefore developed in the same delta complex. The composite delta geometry is interpreted as reflecting (1) its development near an extensional transfer zone where the hangingwall relief was variable over short distances along strike, and (2) the operation of intrabasinal faults. This interpretation contrasts with previous studies that viewed the delta complex as having formed along a pull‐apart basin margin.

No abstract

No abstract

Patients with PD exhibited significant differences in all variables of interest compared to the controls. The step length and foot clearance height as well as the TUG test during the turning phase may be helpful for measuring turning in patients with different severity levels of PD.