Objective: To evaluate oral hygiene and periodontal health status of Acute Coronary Syndrome patients by using standardized oral hygiene and periodontal indices. Methodology: A cross sectional study conducted at the Cardiac center and OMFS Department of PIMS hospital Islamabad. The convenience sampling technique was used in which the sample size was calculated to be 300. Either gender, age in-between 40-75 years was included. Smokers, known diabetic, patients having any cardiac procedure <6 months, or Patients reporting periodontal treatment within 3 months were excluded. The data was analyzed by using SPSS software version 23.0. The frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical variables and mean and standard deviation for continuous variables. Results: In this study 51% were male and 49% were female. The mean age was 54.55+9.605. It was found that 56% of included participants were living in urban areas and round about 40% belongs to the middle class socioeconomically. On the basis of oral hygiene 74% of participants had poor status. Periodontal health status was also poor as the 38.0% have gingivitis and pocket formation. Conclusion: In our study majority of acute coronary syndrome patients reported poor oral hygiene and periodontal health status although it is not clear how oral hygiene and poor periodontal health effects cardiovascular changes. To find out the association of cardiovascular disease and periodontal disease and further details of pathogenesis there is much need for clinical evidence based studies.

Objective: To determine the frequency of diabetic patients having Odontogenic Maxillofacial space infections in local population. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out from 1-3-2020 to August 2020 in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, to assess the frequency and association of diabetics with facial space infection.  A total of 70 patients of both genders with Odontogenic maxillofacial infection were included in the study. Patients were stratified into three age groups; Age group 1 was from 18-30, Age group 2 from 31-45 years and Age group 3 from 46-60 years. This form includes demographic data (age, gender, contact information, address), medical history (diabetic or non-diabetic) along with sign and symptoms were noted in the Performa. The SPSS version 20.0 was used to analyze the data. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for age. Frequency and percentages were used for the gender and diabetes mellitus. Results: A total of 70 patients having Odontogenic maxillofacial space infection. Of these 70 study cases, 42 (60%) were females and 28 (40%) were males with mean age of 40.97±10.32 years. Out of 70 patients, 55 (78.57%) were diabetic and 15 (21.43%) patients were non-diabetic patients. Conclusion: Diabetic patients are more prone to Odontogenic maxillofacial space infections and due to poor diabetic control multispace infection along with severe complications may occur.

Aim: To evaluate gingival recession among the patients wearing fixed braces visiting dental college of Larkana. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthodontics, Bibi Aseefa Dental College (BADC) Larkana December 2018 to February 2020. Methodology: This study was carried out at Bibi Aseefa Dental College Larkana. The patients were recruited with consecutive sampling technique. The gingival recession was evaluated clinically using Miller`s classification. A structured questionnaire was used for the information relevant to oral hygiene status. Data was analyzed using SPSS version-23.0.Chi-square test was applied between the gender and gingival recession at 95% confidence interval. Results: Males were 23% and females were 77%. The mean age was 21.03±4.684.The class-I recession was observed in 6% patients and Class-II was in 2% patients. The gingival recession was observed in 8.5% patients. There was significant relationship between gingival recession and gender (p-value-0.018). Conclusion: It is concluded that there were many patients facing the problem of gingival recession during treatment. There was significant association of gender and gingival recession.

Background: To evaluate the prevalence of gustatory and olfactory impairment and its correlation with the severity of SARS-Cov-2 infection as per WHO guidelines. Methods: A total of 241 patients of both gender having age from 15–80 years were included in the study. It was cross Sectional study conducted at SARS-COV-2 Isolation wards of Pakistan institute of medical science Islamabad from 15thSeptember 2020 to 15th January 2021. Convenient sampling technique was used to collect data. A proforma was designed for this purpose. Participants were divided into 3 groups on the basis of age. Group-1 (15–30 years), group-2 (31–50 years) and group 3 (51–80 years). Further the participants were graded into mild, moderate and severe stages of Sars-Cov-2 infection according to WHO guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS version 20. Results: In this study 66% were male and 34% population were the female. Regarding the age groups 72% population were from the group-3. Results of study shows 47% in mild stage, 45% in moderate stage and 8% severe stage. The results regarding the Gustatory and Olfactory impairment showed that 126 had gustatory impairment while 130 patients had olfactory impairment. Conclusion: We found strong relationship of olfactory and gustatory changes associated with SARS-COV-2 patients. It is premature to conclude that taste and smell changes are strongly linked to SARS-COV-2 diagnosis. Further multi center researches are required to find out possible pathophysiological mechanism