The study examined the adoption of water conservation practices and challenges encountered by smallholder farmers in water resource conservation in Enyibe, Ermelo South Africa. The data were collected using structured questionnaires, observation and focus group discussion. Frequency, mean and logistics regression were used for data analysis. Age (β=1.238), sex (β=-1.497), level of education (β=-1.062), access to irrigation facilities (β=1.690), payment of water tariff (β=1.369) and agricultural extension advice (β=-.631) were significant and associated with adoption of water conservation practice. The identified constraints in the adoption process were inadequate technical guidelines, financial, government policies, and inadequate knowledge of water conservation practices. There is need to improve information, showcase the benefits of water conservation, and ensure maintenance of water conservation infrastructure. Concerted effort must be made to establish robust database on water resource conservation and sources of water utilised in the area. Keywords: Sustainable, water conservation, constraints, adoption

This paper examined the impact of the Village Alive Development Initiative on poverty reduction in Kwara State, Nigeria. Two hundred and Fourteen (214) farming households were selected from the participating villages in Kwara State. Data were collected using structured interview schedule and were analyzed through the use of frequency count, simple percentages and propensity score matching technique. The results showed that the income level of participating farmers was significantly higher than that of nonparticipants. Furthermore, farm size, years of education and access to loan facilities negatively influence poverty, while, it was also revealed that VADI programme has led to poverty reduction among participating farming household hence such initiative as VADI should be encouraged and sustained among farming households in the study area.

No abstract

The study examined the effect of climate change on income generating activities of farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. Multi-stage  sampling procedure was used to select 240 crop and livestock farmers for the study. The majority (52.4%) of the respondents were literate and had multiple income generating activities (83.7%). Crop farming, collection of forest products, poultry production and goat rearing were the most negatively affected income generating activities. Sex, educational level and household size had significantly positive relationship with farmer’s involvement in income generating activities. A positive significant differences existed in farmers’ income generating activities before and after climate change. Indigenous practices adopted in controlling the effect of climate change do not have significant relationship with farmers’ involvement in income generating activities. Government, research institutes,  extension officers, nongovernmental organizations and community leaders should intensify efforts at educating farmers on the need for use of environmentally friendly farming systems in order to reduce the effect of climate change. Keywords: Climate change; farmers’ income generating activities,