Social inclusion is a complex and often misunderstood concept. For children with disabilities, research has documented the degree of loneliness, bullying and exclusion they often experience in their social lives. This paper presents the findings of a critical literature review on the social inclusion of children with disabilities. Study methods comprised rigorous criteria for study selection followed by established protocols for evaluating studies. Reputable rating scales were used to examine peer-reviewed research published within the last 10 years. Fifty-four studies were analyzed for essential themes. Findings reflect a broad range of stakeholder perspectives and factors that promote or inhibit social inclusion, including child-specific variables as well as environmental influences. Additional research should focus on the perspectives and experiences of children in inclusive settings, particularly those with disabilities, as a means of safeguarding their future social and emotional well-being. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd and National Children's Bureau Keywords: children, disabilities, peers, social inclusion, social relationships, stigma. BackgroundEstimates of worldwide child disability rates are speculative and dated; however, UNICEF estimates that approximately 93 million (1 in 20) of people aged 14 or younger live with a moderate or severe disability (UNICEF, 2013). In the USA, 5.2 per cent (2.8 million) of the 53.9 million school-aged children (aged 5-17) were reported to have a disability in 2010 (Disability Characteristics, American Community Survey, 2010). For comparison, Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (2011) indicates that 202 350 children (3.7%, aged 0-14 years) and 96 060 teens (4.6%, aged 15-19 years) in Canada have a disability. The most commonly diagnosed disabilities among children include learning, communication and developmental disabilities, while children are also commonly diagnosed with physical disabilities (US Census Bureau, 2010).'Social inclusion' is a multifaceted and largely subjective construct (Le Boutillier and Croucher, 2010). It is often described in opposition to 'social exclusion', which refers to the stigmatisation or marginalisation of certain groups based on particular characteristics, such as socioeconomic status, race, gender or disability. For children with disabilities, social inclusion requires overcoming significant social, economic and political barriers to achieve meaningful involvement in society (Hill and others, 2004). This can involve the ability to make friends, participate in community activities, engage in leisure and play, and have access to quality inclusive practices in the classroom. Social inclusion, therefore, establishes a basis for overall well-being and is a critical component of becoming a valued and contributing member of the community (Mâsse and others, 2012;Murray and Greenberg, 2006).Although children with disabilities value peer relationships and participation in community activities, they continue to experience low levels of ...

Medical errors are common within paediatrics; however, little research has examined the process of disclosing medical errors in paediatric settings. The present systematic review of current research and policy initiatives examined evidence regarding the disclosure of medical errors involving paediatric patients. Peer-reviewed research from a range of scientific journals from the past 10 years is presented, and an overview of Canadian and international policies regarding disclosure in paediatric settings are provided. The purpose of the present review was to scope the existing literature and policy, and to synthesize findings into an integrated and accessible report. Future research priorities and policy implications are then identified.

<p>Medical errors are common within paediatrics; however, little research has examined the process of disclosing medical errors in paediatric settings. The present systematic review of current research and policy initiatives examined evidence regarding the disclosure of medical errors involving paediatric patients. Peer-reviewed research from a range of scientific journals from the past 10 years is presented, and an overview of Canadian and international policies regarding disclosure in paediatric settings are provided. The purpose of the present review was to scope the existing literature and policy, and to synthesize findings into an integrated and accessible report. Future research priorities and policy implications are then identified. </p>

<p>Medical errors are common within paediatrics; however, little research has examined the process of disclosing medical errors in paediatric settings. The present systematic review of current research and policy initiatives examined evidence regarding the disclosure of medical errors involving paediatric patients. Peer-reviewed research from a range of scientific journals from the past 10 years is presented, and an overview of Canadian and international policies regarding disclosure in paediatric settings are provided. The purpose of the present review was to scope the existing literature and policy, and to synthesize findings into an integrated and accessible report. Future research priorities and policy implications are then identified. </p>

This systematic literature review examined the current research on mindfulness for the well being of children and adolescents with health-related challenges, for the purpose of identifying best practices. Rigorous methods were applied to select evidence published in the past 10 years, resulting in 19 studies eligible for inclusion in the review. These studies were then presented, organized by the children’s different diagnoses, in order to provide a critical overview of the current evidence. Prominent themes in the literature were reviewed, including adaptations to mindfulness programs for use with children, scales employed to measure mindfulness, and gaps in research. Implications for practice were presented, such as the importance of including caregivers in children’s interventions, the need to incorporate play and games, and the necessity that interventions be delivered by individuals experienced in mindfulness meditation.