Le harcèlement scolaire est un problème fréquent aux conséquences importantes. Une façon de réagir aux situations de harcèlement entre élèves est d'utiliser la médiation par les pairs. Bien qu'il existe différents arguments en faveur de cette solution, certain•e•s auteur•e•s avancent que la médiation par les pairs est peu adaptée dans le cas du harcèlement, notamment pour des raisons éthiques (liées au déséquilibre de pouvoir qui caractérise les situations de harcèlement). Dans cette étude, nous avons passé en revue les études testant l'efficacité de la médiation par les pairs pour intervenir face au harcèlement scolaire ou prévenir ce phénomène. Il en ressort qu'il n'existe pas de preuves concluantes que la médiation par les pairs est un moyen efficace de lutter contre le harcèlement. Cet article se penche également sur l'efficacité de la médiation par les pairs en général. Les résultats sont plus positifs. Toutefois, la mise en oeuvre de ces programmes peut poser des difficultés et les effets les plus importants sont majoritairement observés chez les élèves qui jouent le rôle de médiateur•rice•s, alors qu'il s'agit généralement de celles•ceux qui en ont le moins besoin.MOTS-CLÉS-harcèlement, intimidation, médiation par les pairs, résolution de conflit, approche réactive.

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Peer feedback has proven to be very beneficial for student learning; however, by its social nature, peer feedback raises concerns for many students. To diminish these, and maximize the benefits of a peer feedback activity, we created an online training targeting psychological safety and trust. The objective of this chapter is to describe the design process and to detail the composition of the training. The training was delivered to higher education students and included five stages: discovery of students’ representation, lecture on how to provide effective feedback, peer feedback practice, role-play and discussion in small groups and summary of key learning points. A questionnaire one month after the training and interviews with five students revealed that students’ engagement in and perceptions of the training were highly variable. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

IntroductionPeer feedback can be very beneficial for student learning in higher education, yet students may feel uncomfortable providing and receiving peer feedback: they may for example not feel safe in the group or have little trust in their peers’ abilities to provide feedback. Surprisingly, only few studies have investigated how students’ feelings of discomfort can be reduced. To fill this gap, we created a 1-h training session using active learning methods. The training focuses on enhancing students’ perceptions of psychological safety, trust in their abilities and in their peers’ abilities to provide feedback.MethodsThe efficacy of this training was tested using a quasi-experiment with pre-and post-test design. Third-year bachelor students in physical education participated in a peer feedback activity to fulfill the requirement of an obligatory course. In 2019–2020, 47 students participated in a peer assessment activity without specific training on psychological safety and trust (control group), while in 2021–2022, 42 students received specific training before peer assessment (experimental group).ResultsAnalyses include a comparison of the control and experimental groups with regard to (1) the evolution of their perceptions (psychological safety, trust in their abilities, and trust in their peers’ abilities) for pre-to post-test, (2) the quality of the feedback they provided to their peers (3) and the improvement of students’ work between the draft submitted for the peer activity and the final version submitted to the professor.DiscussionResults do not support the training’s efficacy, yet suggest pathways for future research.